Effect of Zinc Supplementation in Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Zinc Supplementation in Prevention of NEC in Preterm Neonates

Authors

  • Khola Binet Mansoor Pediatric Medicine Unit II Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Mehdi Abbas Pediatric Medicine Unit II Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Aneela Anjum Pediatric Medicine Unit II Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Naveed Haider Department of Pediatric Surgery, District Head Quarter Hospital, DG Khan, Pakistan
  • Shadab Fatima CMH Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Sameen Anwar Rao Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Ferheen Shahbaz Department of Public Health, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.630

Keywords:

Neonates, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Zinc Supplementation

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious condition involving the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most common causes of death in neonates. It occurs due to various factors including the altered immune response of the premature intestinal tract against gut microbiota, resulting in inflammation and damage to the gut. Objective: To find out the effect of Zinc in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants in the first 2 weeks of life. Methods: It was a double-blind randomized control trial held in the Neonatology section of Pediatric Medicine unit-II, Mayo hospital Lahore. The duration of the study was 11 months after the approval of the synopsis from August 2019 to July 2020. A total of 94 patients were included in the studies (95% confidence level, 7% absolute precision). Probability sampling, a simple random sampling technique was used. The study included 94 patients, 28 weeks to 32 weeks of gestational age. Results: In this study, the mean age of neonates was 54.85±11.60 hours, 51(54.26%) patients were male whereas 43(45.74%) patients were females. A birth weight having <1 kg was observed in 20(21.3%) patients and a birth weight between 1-2 kg was observed in 49(52.1%) patients. Necrotizing enterocolitis was developed among 6(6.38%) patients. Among the zinc supplementation group, the NEC developed in 2(4.3%) patients whereas, among the placebo group, the NEC developed in 4(8.5%) patients (p-value=0.677).Conclusion: This study concluded that zinc supplementation did not prove any preventive effect against necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants.

References

Choi YY. Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 2014 Dec; 57(12): 505. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.505.

Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010 Sep; 126(3): 443-56. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2959.

Sylvester KG, Liu GY, Albanese CT. Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Pediatric Surgery. 2012 Feb; 1(1): 1187-207. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-07255-7.00094-5.

Gomella TL, Cunningham MD, Eyal FG, Tuttle DJ, editors. Neonatology: management, procedures, on-call problems, diseases, and drugs. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education Medical; 2013.

Gregory KE, DeForge CE, Natale KM, Phillips M, Van Marter LJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature infant: neonatal nursing assessment, disease pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. Advances in Neonatal Care: Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses. 2011 Jun; 11(3): 155. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0b013e31821baaf4.

Neu J and Walker WA. Necrotizing enterocolitis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011 Jan; 364(3): 255-64. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1005408.

Dilli D, Aydin B, Fettah ND, Özyazıcı E, Beken S, Zenciroğlu A, et al. The propre-save study: effects of probiotics and prebiotics alone or combined on necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2015 Mar; 166(3): 545-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.004.

Giles E and Doyle LW. Zinc in extremely low-birthweight or very preterm infants. NeoReviews. 2007 Apr; 8(4): e165-72. doi: 10.1542/neo.8-4-e165.

Terrin G, Scipione A, De Curtis M. Update in pathogenesis and prospective in treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. BioMed Research International. 2014 Jan; 2014; 543765. doi: 10.1155/2014/543765.

Wan Y, Petris MJ, Peck SC. Separation of zinc-dependent and zinc-independent events during early LPS-stimulated TLR4 signaling in macrophage cells. FEBS Letters. 2014 Aug; 588(17): 2928-35. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.043.

Levenson C and Morris D. Zinc and neurogenesis: making new neurons from development to adulthood. Advances in Nutrition. 2011 Mar; 2(2): 96-100. doi: 10.3945/an.110.000174.

Terrin G, Berni Canani R, Di Chiara M, Pietravalle A, Aleandri V, Conte F, et al. Zinc in early life: a key element in the fetus and preterm neonate. Nutrients. 2015 Dec; 7(12): 10427-46. doi: 10.3390/nu7125542.

Skrovanek S, DiGuilio K, Bailey R, Huntington W, Urbas R, Mayilvaganan B, et al. Zinc and gastrointestinal disease. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. 2014 Nov; 5(4): 496. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.496.

Staub E, Evers K, Askie LM. Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 Mar; 2021(3): CD012797. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012797.

AlFaleh K and Anabrees J. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. 2014 Sep; 9(3): 584-671. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005496.pub4.

Gephart MS, McGrath JM, Effken JA, Halpern MD. Necrotizing enterocolitis risk: state of the science. Advances in Neonatal Care. 2012 Apr; 12(2): 77. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0b013e31824cee94.

Khan Z, Shahid G, Riaz IH, Gul SS. Comparison of probiotics versus zinc in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Annals of PIMS. 2016 Dec; 12(4): 239-43.

Krebs NF. Update on zinc deficiency and excess in clinical pediatric practice. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2013 May; 62(Suppl. 1): 19-29. doi: 10.1159/000348261.

Livingstone C. Zinc: physiology, deficiency, and parenteral nutrition. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2015 Jun; 30(3): 371-82. doi: 10.1177/0884533615570376.

El Mashad GM, El Sayed HM, Elghorab AM. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth of preterm infants. Menoufia Medical Journal. 2016 Oct; 29(4): 1112-5. doi: 10.4103/1110-2098.202496.

Terrin G, Berni Canani R, Passariello A, Messina F, Conti MG, et al. Zinc supplementation reduces morbidity and mortality in very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates: a hospital-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial in an industrialized country. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013 Dec; 98(6): 1468-74. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.054478.

Abrams SA. Zinc for preterm infants: who needs it and how much is needed? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013 Dec; 98(6): 1373-4. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076489.

Canani RB, Secondo A, Passariello A, Buccigrossi V, Canzoniero LM, Ruotolo S, et al. Zinc inhibits calcium-mediated and nitric oxide-mediated ion secretion in human enterocytes. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2010 Jan; 626(2-3): 266-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.042.

Marreiro DD, Cruz KJ, Morais JB, Beserra JB, Severo JS, De Oliveira AR. Zinc and oxidative stress: current mechanisms. Antioxidants. 2017 Mar; 6(2): 24. doi: 10.3390/antiox6020024.

Downloads

Published

2023-03-31
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.630
Published: 2023-03-31

How to Cite

Binet Mansoor, K., Abbas, M. ., Anjum, A. ., Haider, N. ., Fatima, S. ., Anwar Rao, S. ., & Shahbaz, F. . (2023). Effect of Zinc Supplementation in Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates: Zinc Supplementation in Prevention of NEC in Preterm Neonates. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 4(03), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.630

Issue

Section

Original Article

Plaudit

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>