Factors Influencing The Outcome Of Severe Pneumonia Among Children Having Age From 2 Months To 5 Years In A Tertiary Healthcare Hospital

Factors Influencing the Outcome of Severe Pneumonia

Authors

  • Noureen Iqbal Department of Pediatrics, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Farhana Zafar Department of Pediatrics, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Mohammad Iqbal Department of Pediatrics, Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.480

Keywords:

Association, Severe Pneumonia, Management Strategies, Malnourishment, Vaccination, Ventilation

Abstract

One of the leading causes of high rate of morbidity and mortality among pediatrics under the age of five years is pneumonia. A report of WHO published in 2013 stated that pneumonia is accountable for about one hundred and twenty million patients each year and the most vulnerable are developing countries. Objective: To find out the rate of occurrence of different factors and pneumonia’s outcome among children having age from two months to five years in tertiary healthcare hospital. Methods: It was carried out at ICU of Pediatric Department of Ziauddin Hospital Karachi, from June 2021 to December 2021. It included 145 patients under the inclusion standard.  Results: Average weight, height, age and duration of hospitalization in this research work was 7.72 ± 3.87 kilograms, 68.23 ± 15.28 centimeters, 8.72 ± 4.24 years and 8.72 ± 4.24 days. Total were 63.40% (n: 92) male and 36.60% (n: 53) female patients. out of total 145 patients, 27.60, 73.10, 29.70, 38.60, 35.20, 40.0 and 7.60% patients had mechanical ventilation’s requirement, delayed hospitalization, URTI history in family, mostly suffered children suffered from pneumonia in less than 2.5yrs of age. And regarding outcome, prolonged hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and mortality has significant association with younger age. Conclusions: It was concluded that association can cause the improvement in the management strategies and possibility of the survival for the children suffering from pneumonia. So, there is need of close monitoring of all the patients with consistent follow up visits.

References

McAllister DA, Liu L, Shi T, Chu Y, Reed C, Burrows J, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2019 Jan; 7(1): e47-e57. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30408-X

Maheshwari P, Ravichandiran V, Hemanth Bhaskar KK, Vydehi S, Baig TS, Shahel SN. Prescribing patterns of antibiotics in paediatrics for respiratory tract infections/disorders in Tertiary Care Hospital. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2015 May; 8(4): 259-61.

Jahan Y and Rahman A. A case report on management of severe childhood pneumonia in low resource settings. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2018 Jan; 25: 192-5. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.08.024

Jahan Y, Rahman SA, Chowdhury AS, Rahman MM. Management of severe childhood pneumonia by day care approach in developing countries. Health Promotion Perspectives. 2018Jan; 8(1): 88. doi: 10.15171/hpp.2018.11

Adaji EE, Ekezie W, Clifford M, Phalkey R. Understanding the effect of indoor air pollution on pneumonia in children under 5 in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019 Feb; 26(4): 3208-25. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3769-1

Bekele F, Sinaga M, Quadri JA, Kumar A, Shariff A, Malik T. Factors associated with outcomes of severe pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months at jimma university specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Current Pediatric Research. 2017 May.

Tiewsoh K, Lodha R, Pandey RM, Broor S, Kalaivani M, Kabra SK. Factors determining the outcome of children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. BMC Pediatrics. 2009 Dec; 9(1): 15. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-9-15

Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn, J. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2015 Jan; 385: 430–40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61698-6

Berman S. Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children of developing countries. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1991 May; 13(Supplement_6): S454-62. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.Supplement_6.S454

Adegbola RA. Childhood pneumonia as a global health priority and the strategic interest of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012 Apr; 54: S89–S92. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir1051

Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, Brown JC, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson FJ, et al. Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: findings from the global burden of disease 2013 study. JAMA Pediatrics. 2016 Mar; 170(3): 267-87.

Rudan I, O’brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. Journal of Global Health. 2013 Jun; 3(1): 1-14.

Jackson S, Mathews KH, Pulanić D, Falconer R, Rudan I, Campbell H, et al. Risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections in children–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croatian Medical Journal. 2013 Apr; 54(2): 110-21. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.110

Chan JY, Stern DA, Guerra S, Wright AL, Morgan WJ, Martinez FD. Pneumonia in childhood and impaired lung function in adults: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr; 135(4): 607-16. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3060

Cecil R, Baldwin H, Larsen N. Clinical and bacteriologic study of two thousand typed cases of lobar pneumonia. Trans Association of American Physicians. 1926; 41: 208–23.

Mimica I, Donoso E, Howard JE, Ledermann GW. Lung puncture in the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia: a study of 543 infants and children. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1971 Oct; 122(4): 278-82. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1971.02110040062002

Shann F, Germer S, Hazlett D, Gratten M, Linnemann V, Payne R. Aetiology of pneumonia in children in Goroka hospital, Papua New Guinea. The Lancet. 1984 Sep; 324(8402): 537-41. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90764-5

Escobar JA, Dover AS, Dueñas A, Leal E, Medina P, Arguello A, et al. Etiology of respiratory tract infections in children in Cali, Colombia. Pediatrics. 1976 Jan; 57(1): 123-30. doi: 10.1542/peds.57.1.123

Kalra SK, Sasidharan T, Vatwani V, Sarkar P. Lung puncture: a diagnostic aid in childhood pneumonia. Indian Pediatrics. 1981;18: 727–30.

Patwari AK, Bisht S, Srinivasan A, Deb M, Chattopadhya D. Aetiology of pneumonia in hospitalized children. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 1996 Feb; 42(1): 15-20. doi: 10.1093/tropej/42.1.15

Le Roux DM, Nicol MP, Vanker A, Nduru PM, Zar HJ. Factors associated with serious outcomes of pneumonia among children in a birth cohort in South Africa. Plos One. 2021 Aug; 16(8): e0255790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255790

Downloads

Published

2023-01-31
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.480
Published: 2023-01-31

How to Cite

Iqbal, N., Zafar, F. ., & Iqbal, M. . (2023). Factors Influencing The Outcome Of Severe Pneumonia Among Children Having Age From 2 Months To 5 Years In A Tertiary Healthcare Hospital: Factors Influencing the Outcome of Severe Pneumonia. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (Lahore), 4(01), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.480

Issue

Section

Original Article

Plaudit