Association between Vitamin D Status and Diabetic Foot in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Vitamin D Status and Diabetic Foot
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i05.257Keywords:
Vitamin D and Diabetes mellitusAbstract
Vitamin D not only perform endocrine role in body but also it have strong immunomodulatory properties. Approximately 20% of diabetic people diagnosed foot infections each year. Objective: To find the link between vitamin D status and diabetic foot in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the Diabetic OPD medical unit II ward 6 in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi for the duration of six months from June 2021 to May 2022. 172 patients were selected for the study and groups were divided into DF and non DF. The body mass index and age in these patients was evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 67 in case of DF group and 65 in case of non DF group. There were 67 non-smokers in non DF group and 30 reported about smoking as per our data. The features like TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C was checked and analyzed in both groups. There were 57 patients having diabetes for more than 10 years in non DF group and 20 patients had diabetes for more than 10 years in DF group. Conclusions: The low serum level of vitamin D was reported in diabetic foot patients. The patients who had diabetic foot had more chance to have vitamin D deficiency as compared to control group. Therefore, low level of vitamin D is linked with diabetic foot patients significantly.
References
Tiwari S, Pratyush DD, Gupta SK, Singh SK. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammatory cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic foot infection. British Journal of Nutrition. 2014 Dec; 112(12):1938-43. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003018
Feldkamp J, Jungheim K, Schott M, Jacobs B, Roden M. Severe Vitamin D3 Deficiency in the Majority of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2018 Aug; 50(8):615-619. doi: 10.1055/a-0648-8178
Zubair M, Malik A, Meerza D, Ahmad J. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and diabetic foot ulcer: is there any relationship? Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. 2013 Sep; 7(3):148-53. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.06.008
Kota SK, Meher LK, Jammula S, Modi KD. Inflammatory markers in diabetic foot and impact of vitamin D deficiency. InEndocrine Abstracts 2013 Apr 1 (Vol. 32). Bioscientifica. doi: 10.1530/endoabs.32.P384
Razzaghi R, Pourbagheri H, Momen-Heravi M, Bahmani F, Shadi J, Soleimani Z, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Diabetic Complications. 2017 Apr; 31(4):766-772. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.017
Yammine K, Hayek F, Assi C. Is there an association between vitamin D and diabetic foot disease? A meta-analysis. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2020 Jan; 28(1):90-96. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12762
Tang W, Chen L, Ma W, Chen D, Wang C, Gao Y, et al. Association between vitamin D status and diabetic foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2022 Jul; 13(7):1213-1221. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13776
Soroush N, Radfar M, Hamidi AK, Abdollahi M, Qorbani M, Razi F, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene FokI variant in diabetic foot ulcer and its relation with oxidative stress. Gene. 2017 Jan; 599:87-91. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.012
Dai J, Yu M, Chen H, Chai Y. Association Between Serum 25-OH-Vitamin D and Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020 Sep; 7:109. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00109
He R, Hu Y, Zeng H, Zhao J, Zhao J, Chai Y, et al. Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2017 Feb; 33(2). doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2820
Danny Darlington CJ, Suresh Kumar S, Jagdish S, Sridhar MG. Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Diabetic Foot Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in South India. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019 Nov; 44(6):474-482. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2018.44951
Maggi S, Siviero P, Brocco E, Albertin M, Romanato G, Crepaldi G. Vitamin D deficiency, serum leptin and osteoprotegerin levels in older diabetic patients: an input to new research avenues. Acta Diabetologica. 2014; 51(3):461-9. doi: 10.1007/s00592-013-0540-4
Singh SK, Jain R, Singh S. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID- 19 infection. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. 2020 Oct; 14(5):1033-1035. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.071
Kurian SJ, Miraj SS, Benson R, Munisamy M, Saravu K, Rodrigues GS, et al. Vitamin D Supplementation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Current Perspective. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2021; 17(4):512-521. doi: 10.2174/1573399816999201012195735
Todorova AS, Jude EB, Dimova RB, Chakarova NY, Serdarova MS, Grozeva GG, et al. Vitamin D Status in a Bulgarian Population With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds. 2020 Oct: 1534734620965820. doi: 10.1177/1534734620965820
Klashami ZN, Ahrabi NZ, Ahrabi YS, Hasanzad M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. The vitamin D receptor gene variants, ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI in diabetic foot ulcer and their association with oxidative stress. Molecular Biology Reports. 2022 Sep; 49(9):8627-8639. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07698-2
Maier GS, Horas K, Seeger JB, Roth KE, Kurth AA, Maus U. Is there an association between periprosthetic joint infection and low vitamin D levels? International Orthopaedics. 2014 Jul; 38(7):1499-504. doi: 10.1007/s00264-014-2338-6
Lin J, Mo X, Yang Y, Tang C, Chen J. Association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wound in diabetic subjects: A meta-analysis. International Wound Journal. 2022 May. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13836
Macido A. Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Vitamin D Status: A Literature Review. SAGE Open Nursing. 2018 Sep; 4:2377960818789027. doi: 10.1177/2377960818789027
López-López N, González-Curiel I, Treviño-Santa Cruz MB, Rivas-Santiago B, Trujillo-Paez V, Enciso-Moreno JA, et al. Expression and vitamin D-mediated regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in healthy skin and in diabetic foot ulcers. Archives of Dermatological Research. 2014 Nov; 306(9):809-21. doi: 10.1007/s00403-014-1494-2
Malhotra K, Baggott PJ, Livingstone J. Vitamin D in the Foot and Ankle: A Review of the Literature. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2020 May; 110(3):Article_10. doi: 10.7547/18-087
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments
