Biomarker Profiles in Serum and CSF for Early Diagnosis of Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases: Serum and CSF for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Muhammad Anique; Masooma Talib; Amna Ihsan; Iqra Anwar; Ambreen Zeeshan; Naveed Ahsan

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i09.2153

Authors

Muhammad Anique Department of Pathology, Bhitai Medical and Dental College, Mirpurkhas, Pakistan
Masooma Talib Department of Biochemistry, Watim Medical and Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Amna Ihsan Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Iqra Anwar Department of Biochemistry, Watim Medical and Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Ambreen Zeeshan Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
Naveed Ahsan Department of Biochemistry, Bhitai Medical and Dental College, Mirpurkhas, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i09.2153

Keywords:

Alzheimer's Disease, Biomarkers, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

Biomarker research and justification for neurodegenerative illnesses have seen enormous efforts over the last ten years. Bio-fluid-based biomarkers have been believed to provide a better and easier approach to detecting biomarkers for diagnosing nervous system pathologies. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of certain biomarkers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease at an initial stage. Methods: 280 participants were taken and distributed into four groups, comprising, 70 patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, 70 with early-stage Parkinson’s disease, 70 with early-stage Huntington’s disease, and 70 age-matched healthy controls. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were drawn and medical history was taken from the patients. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein, and neuro-filament light chain were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Alzheimer’s disease patients showed reduced serum Aβ42 (80.4 ± 15.6 pg/mL) and elevated t-tau (140.5 ± 18.2 pg/mL). Parkinson’s disease patients had raised serum alpha-synuclein (12.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL) and neuro-filament light chain. Huntington’s disease patients showed significant increases in serum huntingtin protein (8.2 ± 2.0 ng/mL). These profiles indicate efficacy in early diagnosis. Conclusions: It was concluded that Aβ42 and tau effectively detect Alzheimer’s disease, while Parkinson’s disease patients can be effectively diagnosed with Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neuro-filament light chain. Similarly, huntingtin protein and neuro-filament light chain are sensitive enough to detect Huntington’s disease at its early stages.

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