Association of Serum Creatinine and Cortical Thickness with Renal Echogenicity on Ultrasound in Chronic Kidney Disease
Association of Serum Creatinine and Cortical Thickness with Renal Echogenicity on Ultrasound
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i8.3286Keywords:
Chronic Kidney Disease, Creatinine, Cortical Thickness, UltrasoundAbstract
The Incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing day by day all over the globe. In assessing the progression of CKD, both the function and structure of the kidney need to be evaluated. Objectives: To determine the association between serum creatinine and cortical thickness with renal echogenicity on ultrasound in patients with CKD. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical research was carried out at the Department of Radiology and Biochemistry, Shahida Islam Medical and Dental College, Lodhran, for six months (June 2024 to November 2024). All patients who were referred for ultrasonography of the kidneys, with serum creatinine and serum urea checked on the same day on which U/S was carried out, were included. Patients who were k/c of acute renal injury, on hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplant, chronic liver disease, fatty liver, or those having a solitary kidney were all excluded. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. A one-way ANOVA test was applied to test for association, keeping p<0.05 statistically significant. Results: Mean age of participants was 52.26 ± 12.50 years (95% CI: 39.76–64.76). The study found that higher serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly associated with increased cortical echogenicity and reduced cortical thickness on ultrasound. The mean serum creatinine was 2.11 ± 1.2 mg/dL, and cortical thickness progressively declined from 1.11 cm to 0.71 ± 0.10 cm across echogenicity grades. Conclusions: The study found a significant association between elevated serum creatinine and cortical thickness levels with renal echogenicity on ultrasound in CKD patients.
References
Kalantar-Zadeh K, Jafar TH, Nitsch D, Neuen BL, Perkovic V. Chronic Kidney Disease. The Lancet. 2021 Aug; 398(10302): 786-802. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00519-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00519-5
Yan MT, Chao CT, Lin SH. Chronic Kidney Disease: Strategies to Retard Progression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021 Sep; 22(18): 10084. doi: 10.3390/ijms221810084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810084
Kuo CC, Chang CM, Liu KT, Lin WK, Chiang HY, Chung CW, Ho MR, et al. Automation of the Kidney Function Prediction and Classification Through Ultrasound-Based Kidney Imaging Using Deep Learning. Nature Partner Journals Digital Medicine. 2019 Apr; 2(1): 29. doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0104-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0104-2
Chen CJ, Pai TW, Hsu HH, Lee CH, Chen KS, Chen YC. Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Stages by Renal Ultrasound Imaging. Enterprise Information Systems. 2020 Feb; 14(2): 178-95. doi: 10.1080/17517575.2019.1597386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1597386
Chen TK, Knicely DH, Grams ME. Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management: A Review. JAMA. 2019 Oct; 322(13): 1294-304. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.14745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.14745
Mahon A. Investigations in Kidney Disease. Renal Nursing: Care and Management of People with Kidney Disease. 2019 Aug; 147-77. doi: 10.1002/9781119413172.ch7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119413172.ch7
Fleig S, Magnuska ZA, Koczera P, Salewski J, Djudjaj S, Schmitz G, Kiessling F. Advanced Ultrasound Methods to Improve Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis. NPJ Imaging. 2024 Jul; 2(1): 22. doi: 10.1038/s44303-024-00023-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44303-024-00023-5
Singla RK, Kadatz M, Rohling R, Nguan C. Kidney Ultrasound for Nephrologists: A Review. Kidney Medicine. 2022 Jun; 4(6): 100464. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100464
Majeed M, Farooq SM, Uzair M, Fatima M, Amir I, Iqbal S. Sonographic Comparison Between Echogenicity and Renal Length Among Patients Suffering with or Without Chronic Kidney Disease: Sonographic Comparison Between Echogenicity and Renal Length. Pakistan Biomedical Journal. 2022 Apr; 136-40. doi: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i4.384
Ahmed S, Bughio S, Hassan M, Lal S, Ali M, Ahmed Panhwar Sr S. Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Correlation with Serum Creatinine Level. Cureus. 2019 Mar; 11(3). doi: 10.7759/cureus.4241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4241
Braconnier P, Piskunowicz M, Vakilzadeh N, Müller ME, Zürcher E, Burnier M, Pruijm M. How Reliable Is Renal Ultrasound to Measure Renal Length and Volume in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Magnetic Resonance Imaging?. Acta Radiologica. 2020 Jan; 61(1): 117-27. doi: 10.1177/0284185119847680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185119847680
Gupta P, Chatterjee S, Debnath J, Nayan N, Gupta SD. Ultrasonographic Predictors in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 2021 Sep; 49(7): 715-9. doi: 10.1002/jcu.23026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.23026
Iyama T, Sugihara T, Takata T, Isomoto H. Renal Ultrasound Elastography: A Review of the Previous Reports on Chronic Kidney Diseases. Applied Sciences. 2021 Oct; 11(20): 9677. doi: 10.3390/app11209677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209677
Khadka H, Shrestha B, Sharma S, Shrestha A, Regmi S, Ismail A, Thapa G, et al. Correlation of Ultrasound Parameters with Serum Creatinine in Renal Parenchymal Disease. Journal of Gandaki Medical College, Nepal. 2019 Feb; 12(1): 58-64. doi: 10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22619
Ebert N, Bevc S, Bökenkamp A, Gaillard F, Hornum M, Jager KJ, Mariat C, et al. Assessment of Kidney Function: Clinical Indications for Measured GFR. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2021 Aug; 14(8): 1861-70. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfab042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab042
Chhetri PK and Basnet SB. Ultrasonography in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Chitwan Medical College. 2021 Jun; 11(2): 110-4. doi: 10.54530/jcmc.342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.342
Drudi FM, Cantisani V, Granata A, Angelini F, Messineo D, De Felice C, Ettorre E. Multiparametric Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Kidney Disease in the Elderly. Journal of Ultrasound. 2020 Jun; 23(2): 115-26. doi: 10.1007/s40477-019-00390-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-019-00390-5
Imtiaz S, Alam A. Epidemiology and Demography of Chronic Kidney Disease in Pakistan: A Review of Pakistani Literature. Pakistan Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2023 Mar; 7(1): 2-7. doi: 10.53778/pjkd71209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53778/pjkd71209
Levey AS, Titan SM, Powe NR, Coresh J, Inker LA. Kidney Disease, Race, and GFR Estimation. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020 Aug; 15(8): 1203-12. doi: 10.2215/CJN.12791019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.12791019
Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update 2022. Kidney International Supplements. 2022 Apr; 12(1): 7-11. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003
Roy S and Pal A. A Study of Different Morphological Parameters of Kidneys in the Indian Population. International Journal of Science and Research. 2023 Nov; 12(11): 360-4. doi: 10.21275/MR231105190920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/MR231105190920
Chesnaye NC, Dekker FW, Evans M, Caskey FJ, Torino C, Postorino M, Szymczak M, et al. Renal Function Decline in Older Men and Women with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the EQUAL Study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2021 Sep; 36(9): 1656-63. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa095
Wang W, Chakraborty G, Chakraborty B. Predicting the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Using a Machine Learning Algorithm. Applied Sciences. 2020 Dec; 11(1): 202. doi: 10.3390/app11010202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010202
Ammirati AL. Chronic Kidney Disease. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2020 Jan; 66: s03-9. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.3
Wilson A, Gambhir H, Aditya K, Wadhera A, Singla S, Das J. Evaluation of the Role of Ultrasound for Sonographic Grading of Renal Cortical Echogenicity with Raised Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Academic Medicine and Pharmacy. 2024 Apr; 6(4): 866-75. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10602846.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments
