Increased First Trimester Serum Uric Acid as A Predictor of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

First Trimester Serum Uric Acid for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The gestational period of diabetes type 2 (GDM) is a serious condition that can harm both mothers and newborns throughout pregnancy. Objective: To determine if elevated first-trimester serum uric acid levels lead to gestational diabetes mellitus onset during pregnancy. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2023 and April 2024 at Niazi Medical and Dental College in Sargodha. The study sample consisted of 139 pregnant women separated into two groups: those exhibiting and those absent diabetes in women. The researchers employed independent t-test and Chi-square statistical methods to evaluate age and BMI data, as well as diabetes familial histories and delivery history. Results: Gestational diabetes mellitus patients had higher serum uric acid levels compared to pregnant women without Gestational diabetes mellitus (p<0.001). This study found that uric acid levels above 4.5 mg/dL increased the likelihood of abnormal fasting glucose values by 74.5% (p<0.001). Women with high uric acid levels had a 40% higher risk of developing Gestational diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.10-1.80; p=0.02). Conclusions: It was concluded that women who have gestational diabetes mellitus display increased serum uric acid concentrations during their first trimester. Monitoring serum uric acid levels presents an opportunity to detect susceptible pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the early stages, allowing for quick implementation of preventive measures that promote maternal and fetal health.