Prospective Study on the Incidence of Hospital Acquired Infections in Intensive Care Unit: Incidence of Hospital Acquired Infections

Abdul Hayee Phulpoto; Asif Aziz; Abdul Qayoom Memon; Munir Ahmed Channa; Safdar Ali Pervez; Ratan Kumar Ramani

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v6i1.2611

Authors

Abdul Hayee Phulpoto Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Civil Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
Asif Aziz Department of Medicine, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jilani, Institute of Medicine, Gambat, Pakistan
Abdul Qayoom Memon Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Civil Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
Munir Ahmed Channa Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas, Pakistan
Safdar Ali Pervez Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Civil Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
Ratan Kumar Ramani Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Civil Hospital, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i1.2611

Keywords:

Hospital-Acquired Infections, Intensive Care Unit, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Infection Control Practices

Abstract

Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) in the ICU significantly impact patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Objective: To determine the incidence of HAIs, identify key risk factors, and analyze their impact on clinical outcomes in ICU patients. It was prospective observational study. Methods: A total of 220 ICU patients were included. Data on demographics, ICU stay duration, device use (e.g., central lines, ventilators, urinary catheters), comorbidities, and infection control practices were collected. HAIs were diagnosed based on CDC definitions and categorized as Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), and Surgical Site Infections (SSI). Incidence rates were calculated using descriptive statistics, and risk factors were identified through multivariate logistic regression. Results: Results showed that 150 (68.2%) patients developed HAIs, with VAP being the most common (30%), followed by CAUTI (16.7%), CLABSI (20%), and SSI (13.3%). Independent risk factors for HAIs included ventilator use (p<0.001), prolonged ICU stay (p=0.004), and use of urinary catheters (p=0.002) and central lines (p=0.003). Patients with HAIs had higher mortality (30% vs 12%, p=0.003) and longer ICU stays (21 days’ versus 12 days, p<0.001). Conclusions: HAIs are frequent in ICU patients, particularly VAP. They significantly increase mortality and prolong ICU stays, highlighting the need for enhanced infection control practices, especially for patients with extended ICU stays or those requiring invasive devices.

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