Non-Invasive Salivary Diagnostic Approach for Predicting Dental Caries: Non-Invasive Salivary Diagnosis for Dental Caries

Waqar Un Nisa; Muhammad Khan; Ambreen Khurshid Haider; Ayesha Imtiaz; Aisha Anis; Fizza Tariq; Saher Mushtaque

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i12.2499

Authors

Waqar Un Nisa Department of Oral Pathology, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry, Mardan, Pakistan
Muhammad Khan Department of Pathology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Ambreen Khurshid Haider Department of Oral Biology, Shifa College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan
Ayesha Imtiaz Department of Dental Materials, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Aisha Anis Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Fizza Tariq Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Saher Mushtaque Department of Community Medicine, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i12.2499

Keywords:

Dental Caries, Diagnostic Approach, Non-Invasive, Saliva

Abstract

Dental caries, often known as tooth decay, is a widespread public health concern that presents many difficulties, especially in developing nations like Pakistan. Objectives: To evaluate a non-invasive salivary diagnostic approach for predicting the risk of dental caries. Methods: In the comparative cross-sectional study, a total of 90 participants were recruited through purposive sampling technique belonging to the age group between 20 and 30 years, which was conducted in one of the private hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were placed into two groups for the study according to their oral health state, as determined by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index. Both informed consent and ethical approval were acquired. Samples of saliva were collected and examined utilizing standardized tools. Data were analyzed by statistical software version 23.0 by using the Chi-square test. Results: Participants with active caries (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth >5) and those in optimum dental health (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth=0) showed significant differences. Lower salivary pH (p=0.003), decreased flow rate (p=0.001), decreased buffering capacity (p=0.002), and increased viscosity in the high-risk group are important findings. These differences imply altered salivary dynamics, which raise the risk of dental cavities. Conclusions: It was concluded that a non-invasive and efficient method for determining the risk of dental cavities is salivary diagnostics, especially for communities with limited access to preventative dental treatment. Salivary evaluations incorporated into standard dental procedures may improve preventative measures.

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