Evaluation of Palatal Rugae in Patients for Maxillary Dental Prostheses: Palatal Rugae in Patients for Maxillary Dental Prostheses

Sartaj  Khan; Muhammad  Raza; Maryam  Tahir; Samia  Manzar

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v3i05.240

Authors

Sartaj Khan Prosthodontics Department, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Raza Prosthodontics Department, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Maryam Tahir Prosthodontics Department, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Samia Manzar Prosthodontics Department, Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i05.240

Keywords:

Rugae, Palate, Completely edentulous arch, Denture Support

Abstract

Significance and importance of palatal soft tissue rugae increases many folds when replacement of missing maxillary teeth with conventional complete denture is part of treatment plane. Objectives: To quantify the shape and size of rugae in completely and partial edentulous arches in both males and females. Methods: A total of 200 patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and after obtaining informed consent, impression with Alginate impression material were made and poured to form dental casts. Pattern and shapes of rugae were delineated with graphite marker. Under a good source of light different shapes, thus outlined, were counted in number and measured in length, categorizing them in various shapes such as divergent, wavy, curved and straight. Age, arches were computed for frequency and measuring the mean with standard deviation. All data were computed by using SPSS (version 22). Results: Out of 200 patients, a male (n=89) to female (n=111) ratio of 0.80 was found with a mean age of 52.6 and standard deviation of 11.3. Partially edentulous cases were 51%, while the rest were completely edentulous. A total of 1367 rugae were found in both types of patients. Females had more number of rugae (n=773) than males (n=594). Similarly primary rugae were higher in numbers (n=1132) than secondary rugae (n=235) and the observed difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded in this study that female and partially edentulous arches had more numbers of rugae as compared to males and completely edentulous arches respectively.

References

Gadicherla P, Saini D, Bhaskar M. Palatal rugae pattern: An aid for sex identification. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2017 Apr; 9(1):48. doi: 10.4103/jfo.jfds_108_15.

Sherif AF, Hashim AA, Al Hanafy MA, Soliman EM. A pilot-cross sectional study of palatal rugae shape and direction among Egyptians and Malaysians. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2018 Dec; 8(1):1-9. doi: 10.1186/s41935-018-0050-1

Buyuk SK, Simsek H, Yasa Y, Genc E, Turken R. Morphological assessment of palatal rugae pattern in a Turkish subpopulation. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019 Jan; 51(1):40-8. doi: 10.1080/00450618.2017.1310922

Gardezi S, Hassan N, Memon S, Mughal A. Rugoscopy In Five Different Ethnic Groups Of Pakistani Population. Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry. 2018 Feb; 7(1):11-4.

Rajan VP, John JB, Stalin A, Priya G, Abuthagir AK. Morphology of palatal rugae patterns among 5-15 years old children. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2013 Jun; 5(Suppl 1):S43-7. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.113295

Caldas IM, Magalhães T, Afonso A. Establishing identity using cheiloscopy and palatoscopy. Forensic Science International. 2007 Jan; 165(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.04.010

Almeida MA, Phillips C, Kula K, Tulloch C. Stability of the palatal rugae as landmarks for analysis of dental casts. Angle Orthodontist. 1995; 65(1):43-8

Utsuno H, Kanoh T, Tadokoro O, Inoue K. Preliminary study of post mortem identification using lip prints. Forensic Science International. 2005 May; 149(2-3):129-32. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.05.013

Jawad IA. Comparison of rugae pattern between dentate and edentulous patients in Iraqi sample. Al-Rafidain Dental Journal. 2010 Sep; 10(2):265-71. doi: 10.33899/rden.2010.9019

Rajguru JP, Misra SR, Somayaji NS, Masthan KM, Babu AN, Mohanty N. A comparative rugoscopic study of the dentate and edentulous individuals in the South Indian population. The Scientific World Journal. 2014 Jan; 2014. doi: 10.1155/2014/283428

Bhatt G. Comparison of Rugae Pattern between Dentulous and Edentulous Population of Rajasthan State. Journal of Forensic Research. 2015 Jan; 6(1):1-3.

Faisal MF and Yousif FT. Rugae pattern in a Saudi population sample of males and females.

Syed S, Alshahrani I, Alshahrani A, Togoo RA, Luqman M, Dawasaz AA. Conversion of palatal rugae pattern to scanable Quick Response code in an Arabian population. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2016 Sep; 11(3):253-260. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.02.004

Abdellatif AM, Awad SM, Hammad SM. Comparative study of palatal rugae shape in two samples of Egyptian and Saudi children. Pediatric dental journal. 2011 Jan; 21(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/S0917-2394(11)70238-5

Chong JA, Mohamed AM, Pau A. Morphological patterns of the palatal rugae: A review. Journal of oral biosciences. 2020 Sep; 62(3):249-59.

Naeem S, Zakir A, Manzoor M, Akram A, Khan M, Arshad F. Comparison of topographic changes of palatal rugae pattern in dentate and edentulous patients. Isra Medical Journal. 2021; 13(4): 265-269.

Bharath ST, Kumar GR, Dhanapal R, Saraswathi T. Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of palatal rugae from a population of coastal Andhra. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2011 Jul; 3(2):58-62. doi: 10.4103/0975-1475.92144

Surekha R, Anila K, Reddy VS, Hunasgi S, Ravikumar S, Ramesh N. Assessment of palatal rugae patterns in Manipuri and Kerala population. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2012 Jul; 4(2):93-6. doi: 10.4103/0975-1475.109896

Saraf A, Bedia S, Indurkar A, Degwekar S, Bhowate R. Rugae patterns as an adjunct to sex differentiation in forensic identification. Journal of Forensic Odonto-stomatology. 2011 Jul; 29(1):14-9.

Pramanik A, Debnath M, Debnath M. A comparative study of gender difference in palatal rugae patterns among Bengali subjects in Murshidabad. International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery. 2019; 8:6-10.