Assessment of Invitro Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oléifera and Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts Against Clinically Important Bacteria: Moringa oléifera and Murraya koenigii Antibacterial Activity

Humaira Arif; Zona Irfan; Akhtar Ali; Muhammad Owais Ismail; Haroon ur Rasheed; Sehrish Mahmood

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i09.2114

Authors

Humaira Arif Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Zona Irfan Department of Pathology, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Akhtar Ali Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Muhammad Owais Ismail Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Haroon ur Rasheed Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Sehrish Mahmood Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Baqai Medical University, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i09.2114

Abstract

Resistant gram-negative bacteria are increasing in prevalence, causing health concerns, particularly in hospitals and intensive care units, leading to increased healthcare expenses due to sickness, and death. One frequent bacterial infection that affects many people is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Objective: This study was conducted to assess the anti-microbial activity of leaf extracts from Murraya Koenigii (Mk) and Moringa oleifera (Mo) against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-Kp) in vitro. Methods: It was a Preclinical in-vitro study, carried out at Ziauddin University from December 2022 to May 2023. Using a rotary evaporator, MO and MK leaves were extracted. Utilizing the Agar well diffusion assay and the broth dilution assay, the antibacterial activity of both plants were assessed. Results: For both extracts, concentrations ranging from 7.812 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml were prepared in 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Murraya Koenigii leaf extract was found to be 15mg/ml against MDR-Kp. Moringa oleifera leaf extract did not exhibit any discernible antibacterial action against MDR-Kp at any of the tested concentrations. Conclusion: While MOLE did not impede the growth of MDR-Kp strains at the tested doses, MKLE hindered the growth of MDR-Kp strains at 15 mg/ml (MIC).

References

Zare M, Vehreschild MJ, Wagenlehner F. Management of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections. Bob Jones University International. 2022 Jun; 129(6): 668-78. doi: 10.1111/bju.15630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.15630

Rasul MG. Extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products from medicinal plants. International Journal of Basic Sciences and Applied Computing. 2018 Dec; 2(6): F0076122618.

Stéphane FF, Jules BK, Batiha GE, Ali I, Bruno LN. Extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and herbs. Natural Medicinal Plants. 2021 Aug: 1-39. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.98602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98602

Markovska R, Stankova P, Stoeva T, Keuleyan E, Mihova K, Boyanova L. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Newly Approved Antibiotics against Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteria-A Pilot Study in Bulgaria. Antibiotics. 2024 Jan; 13(1): 81. doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010081

Pokharel P, Dhakal S, Dozois CM. The diversity of Escherichia coli pathotypes and vaccination strategies against this versatile bacterial pathogen. Microorganisms. 2023 Jan; 11(2): 344. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11020344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020344

Abou Heidar NF, Degheili JA, Yacoubian AA, Khauli RB. Management of urinary tract infection in women: A practical approach for everyday practice. Urology Annals. 2019 Oct; 11(4): 339-46. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_104_19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/UA.UA_104_19

Bilal H, Khan MN, Rehman T, Hameed MF, Yang X. Antibiotic resistance in Pakistan: a systematic review of past decade. BioMed Central BMC Infectious Diseases. 2021 Dec; 21: 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05906-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05906-1

Surgers L, Boyd A, Girard PM, Arlet G, Decré D. Biofilm formation by ESBL-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2019 Jan; 309(1): 13-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.10.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.10.008

Nagvekar V, Sawant S, Amey S. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria cases at admission in a multispeciality hospital. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2020 Sep; 22: 457-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.030

Araj GF, Berjawi DM, Musharrafieh U, El Beayni NK. Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against commonly encountered antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Lebanon. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2020 Jun; 14(06): 559-64. doi: 10.3855/jidc.12368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12368

Wise MG, DeRyke CA, Alekseeva I, Siddiqui F, Young K, Motyl MR et al. Susceptibility of Gram-negative pathogens collected in Israel to ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam and comparators: SMART 2018-22. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 2024 Oct; 6(5): dlae150. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlae150

Basu S, Veeraraghavan B, Anbarasu A. Anti-bacterial compounds from Indian curry-leaf tree Murraya koenigii have potential to inhibit carbapenem-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2024 Jul; 28: 101511. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101511

Verma AK, Ahmed SF, Hossain MS, Bhojiya AA, Mathur A, Upadhyay SK et al. Molecular docking and simulation studies of flavonoid compounds against PBP-2a of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2022 Dec; 40(21): 10561-77. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1944911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.1944911

Reddy BM, Dhanpal CK, Lakshmi BV. A review on curry leaves (Murraya koenigii): versatile multi-potential medicinal plant. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Medicine and Bioallied Sciences. 2018; 6(1): 31-41.

Jire PB, Khairnar MV, Mali MV, Patil SG. A Review on Antibacterial Activity of Curry Leaf. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2023; 15(3): 133-40. doi: 10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-5836.2023.00024

Fouad EA, Abu Elnaga ASM, Kandil MM. Antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pyogenic bacteria isolated from a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) abscess. Vet World. 2019 Jun; 12(6): 802-808. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.802-808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.802-808

Lachaud L, Fernández-Arévalo A, Normand AC, Lami P, Nabet C, Donnadieu JL et al. Identification of Leishmania by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using a free Web-based application and a dedicated mass-spectral library. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2017 Oct; 55(10): 2924-33. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00845-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00845-17

Humphries RM, Ambler J, Mitchell SL, Castanheira M, Dingle T, Hindler JA et al. on behalf of the CLSI Methods Development and Standardization Working Group of the Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 2018. CLSI Methods Development and Standardization Working Group best practices for evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2018 Mar; 56: 01934. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01934-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01934-17

Thapa B, Singh A, Tuladhar R. In vitro antibacterial effect of medicinal plants against multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria. Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology. 2018 Sep; 5: 25-31. doi: 10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22298

Nørgaard SM, Jensen CS, Aalestrup J, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, De Boer MG, Pedersen AB. Choice of therapeutic interventions and outcomes for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens: a systematic review. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2019 Dec; 8: 1-3. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0624-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0624-1

Gomashe AV, Gulhane PA, Junghare MP, Dhakate NA. Antimicrobial activity of Indian medicinal plants: Moringa oleifera and Saraca indica. 2014; 3(6): 161-169.

Soulaimani B, El Hidar N, El Fakir SB, Mezrioui N, Hassani L, Abbad A. Combined antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Lavandula maroccana (Murb.), Thymus pallidus Batt. And Rosmarinus officinalis L. against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2021 Apr; 43: 101312. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101312

Pompilio A, Scocchi M, Mangoni ML, Shirooie S, Serio A, Ferreira Garcia da Costa Y et al. Bioactive compounds: a goldmine for defining new strategies against pathogenic bacterial biofilms?. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 2023 Jan; 49(1): 117-49. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2022.2038082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2022.2038082

Abubakar AR and Haque M. Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2020 Jan; 12(1): 1-0. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19

Aqil F, Ahmad I, Owais M. Evaluation of anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity and synergy of some bioactive plant extracts. Biotechnology Journal: Healthcare Nutrition Technology. 2006 Oct; 1(10): 1093-102. doi: 10.1002/biot.200600130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.200600130

Abuga I, Sulaiman SF, Wahab RA, Ooi KL, Rasad MS. In vitro antibacterial effect of the leaf extract of Murraya koenigii on cell membrane destruction against pathogenic bacteria and phenolic compounds identification. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2020 Jan; 33: 101010. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101010

Rashmi JB and Naveen G. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of different leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 2016; 1(5). doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.100

Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Barrajón-Catalán E, Herranz-López M, Micol V. Antibacterial plant compounds, extracts and essential oils: An updated review on their effects and putative mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine. 2021 Sep; 90: 153626. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153626