Immunohistochemical Demonstration of COX2 in Various Lesions of Oral Cavity: Immunohistochemical Expression of COX-2 in Oral Lesions

Salman Zafar; Nazia Qamar; Hurtamina Khan; Madeeha Shahid; Sadia Sundus; Farah Malik

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v6i2.2045

Authors

Salman Zafar Department of Pathology, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Nazia Qamar Department of Pathology, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Hurtamina Khan Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
Madeeha Shahid Department of Surgery, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Sadia Sundus Department of Anatomy, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
Farah Malik Department of Anatomy, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i2.2045

Keywords:

Cyclooxygenase-2, Immunohistochemistry, Oral Lesions, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Precancerous Lesions

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase enzyme facilitates the conversion of arachidonic acid into pro-inflammatory compounds, resulting in formation of prostaglandins, which contributes substantially to the carcinogenic process. Objective: To analyze the immunohistochemical COX2 enzyme expression in various lesion of oral cavity. Methods: A total of 60 formalin fixed, paraffinized blocks (including 10 healthy oral mucosa cases, 10 cases of leukoplakia. 10 cases of oral sub mucosal fibrosis, 10 cases of dysplasia, 10 cases of well differentiated carcinoma, 10 cases of highly aggressive invasive squamous carcinoma) were randomly selected during the period of Jan, 2022 till Dec, 2023. Immunohistochemistry was done on each case for analyzing COX2 expression. Data was statistically analyzed by using chi square test. P value < 0.05 was taken as substantial. Result: It was found that the expression level was high in invasive carcinoma as compared with other oral lesion. Conclusion: Present study strongly supported the involvement of COX2 in the advancement of precancerous lesions of oral cavity to malignant one.

References

Menditti D, Santagata M, Guida D, Magliulo R, D'Antonio GM, Staglianò S et al. State of the Art in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders: Present Insights and Future Outlook-An Overview. Bioengineering. 2024 Feb; 11(3): 228. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11030228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030228

Kumari P, Debta P, Dixit A. Oral potentially malignant disorders: etiology, pathogenesis, and transformation into oral cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Apr; 13: 825266. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.825266

Celentano A and Cirillo N. Diseases with oral malignant potential: Need for change to inform research, policy, and practice. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. 2024 Sep; 53(8): 495-501. doi: 10.1111/jop.13573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13573

Ikram A, Pervez S, Khadim MT, Sohaib M, Uddin H, Badar F et al. National cancer registry of Pakistan: first comprehensive report of cancer statistics 2015-2019. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2023 Jun; 33(6): 625-32. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2023.06.625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2023.06.625

Aparnadevi P, Nirmal RM, Veeravarmal V, Nandini DB, Kalyani C, Singh DN et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2022 Jul; 14(Suppl 1): S769-73. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_135_22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_135_22

do Carmo AF, Gonzaga AK, Lopes ML, Nonaka CF, Queiroz LM, da Silveira ÉJ et al. Immunohistochemical Expression of Cox-2 in Actinic Cheilitis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. 2017 Aug; 124(2): e131. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.356

Escobar E, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Peñafiel C, Hormazábal-Hevia A, Herrera-Fuentes C, Mori-Aliaga D. Immunohistochemical expression of COX-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF and CD105 according to histological grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Revista Española de Patología. 2023 Jul; 56(3): 147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.patol.2023.02.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patol.2023.02.005

Qin X, Ning Y, Zhou L, Zhu Y. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiological mechanism, malignant transformation, therapeutic approaches and targets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Mar; 24(5): 4992. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054992

Bancroft JD, Gamble M, editors. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008.

Peng L, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Mou H, Zhao Q. Prognostic significance of COX-2 immunohistochemical expression in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of the literature. PLOS One. 2013 Mar; 8(3): e58891. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058891

Sanketh DS, Kumari K, Rao RS, Haragannavar VC, Sarode SC, Sarode GS et al. Expression of Ki-67, p53, α-SMA and COX-2 in lichen planus and related lesions: A pilot study. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2019 Apr; 9(2): 230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.02.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.02.003

Hevia AH, Aliaga DM, Pinto AO, Valenzuela FG, Ekdhal CP, López EE. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Angiogenesis In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. 2020 Jan; 129(1): e174. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.740

Rangaswamy S, Chikkalingaiah RG, Sharada P, Kumar VK. Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in oral submucous fibrosis: An immunohistochemical pilot study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2019 May; 23(2): 301. doi: 0.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_191_18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_191_18

Santoro A, Bufo P, Russo G, Cagiano S, Papagerakis S, Bucci P et al. Expression and clinical implication of cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biology & Therapy. 2020 Aug; 21(8): 667-74. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071741. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2015.1071741

Babu SN, Kattappagari KK, Chandrasekhar P, Kommalapati V, Kantheti LP. Quantitative assessment Cyclooxygenase-2 immunohistochemical expression in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia. Journal of Indian Dental Association. 2024 Apr; 18(4). doi: 10.33882/jida.15.35484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33882/jida.15.35484

Moazeni-Roodi A, Allameh A, Harirchi I, Motiee-Langroudi M, Garajei A. Studies on the contribution of Cox-2 expression in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma and H-Ras activation. Pathology & Oncology Research. 2017 Apr; 23: 355-60. doi: 10.1007/s12253-016-0114-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-016-0114-1

Silveira TL, Veloso ES, Gonçalves IN, Costa RF, Rodrigues MA, Cassali GD et al. Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression is associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells in oral and skin canine melanomas. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology. 2020 Dec; 18(4): 727-38. doi: 10.1111/vco.12601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12601

Suzuki T, Suemitsu M, Nakayama M, Taguchi C, Ukigaya M, Nakamura C et al. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of the distinction between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2021 Feb; 11(2): 91-106. doi: 10.4236/ojst.2021.112008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2021.112008

El-Aziz A and Eldin EA. Immunoexpression of Ki-67 and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Dentigerous Cyst: A Comparative Study. Egyptian Dental Journal. 2019 Apr; 65(2-April (Oral Medicine, X-Ray, Oral Biology and Oral Pathology)): 1367-75. doi: 10.21608/edj.2019.72561. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2019.72561

Abusaiba TH and Hussein AA. MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions and Circulation. Qeios. 2024 Jan; 4: 1-8. doi: 10.32388/ATJO6U. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32388/ATJO6U