A pH-Responsive Psyllium-Hyaluronic acid and Collagen based Hydrogel for Oral Insulin Delivery
pH-Responsive Hydrogel for Oral Insulin Delivery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i12.1064Keywords:
Hydrogel, Transdermal Patches, Drug Release, Psyllium, InsulinAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and heritable condition which grows adverse with date and eventually accelerates numerous difficulties such as end-stage renal disease, cardiac infections and vision problems. Objective: To highlight protein-based hydrogels as a contemporary focus in insulin delivery through the oral cavity. Methods: Novel hydrogels were formed in this study by using biomaterials (Psyllium, Hyaluronic acid and Collagen). The hydrogels were synthesized through a methodical process involving the combination of psyllium ispaghol husk, hyaluronic acid, and collagen for targeted insulin delivery. Initially, 1g of psyllium ispaghol husk was uniformly mixed with 200ml of distilled water. After achieving a homogeneous swelling, hyaluronic acid and collagen were added to the mixture. The synthesis of hydrogels was achieved by allowing the mixture to incubate at 38°C O/N. Physical characterization was done using FTIR analysis which indicates different bonding patterns. Results: Swelling ratio and drugs kinetics of hydrogels reveal maximum swelling and drug release at alkaline pH while minimum at acidic pH. Swelling kinetics shows that hydrogels followed less Fickian diffusion. These points favour the delivery of insulin in the intestine while escaping the acidic medium of stomach. Zone of inhibition around the hydrogels illustrated its antimicrobial activity. Finally, its administration to mice indicates the delivery of insulin by the decrease in glucose level measured by glucometer. Conclusions: Based on the diverse analyses conducted, it can be inferred that utilizing biomaterial-based hydrogels holds significant promise for effective insulin delivery through the oral route, especially beneficial for diabetic patients.
References
Vargas E, Joy NV, Sepulveda C. Biochemistry, insulin metabolic effects. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2018.
Genuth SM, Palmer JP, Nathan DM. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US), Bethesda (MD); 2021.
Song J, Zhang Y, Chan SY, Du Z, Yan Y, Wang T, et al. Hydrogel-based flexible materials for diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and management. Flexible Electronics. 2021 Sep; 5(1): 26. doi: 0.1038/s41528-021-00122-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-021-00122-y
Buwalda SJ, Vermonden T, Hennink WE. Hydrogels for therapeutic delivery: current developments and future directions. Biomacromolecules. 2017 Feb; 18(2): 316-30. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01604
Chaturvedi K, Ganguly K, Nadagouda MN, Aminabhavi TM. Polymeric hydrogels for oral insulin delivery. Journal of Controlled Release. 2013 Jan; 165(2): 129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.005
Burdick JA and Prestwich GD. Hyaluronic acid hydrogels for biomedical applications. Advanced Materials. 2011 Mar; 23(12): H41-56. doi: 10.1002/adma.201003963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201003963
Kenawy ER, Kamoun EA, Eldin MS, El-Meligy MA. Physically crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol)-hydroxyethyl starch blend hydrogel membranes: Synthesis and characterization for biomedical applications. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2014 Jul; 7(3): 372-80. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.026
Peppas NA and Franson NM. The swelling interface number as a criterion for prediction of diffusional solute release mechanisms in swellable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition. 1983 Jun; 21(6): 983-97. doi: 10.1002/pol.1983.180210614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180210614
Mansoor S, Kondiah PP, Choonara YE. Advanced hydrogels for the controlled delivery of insulin. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Dec; 13(12): 2113. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122113
Singh B and Chauhan N. Dietary fiber psyllium based hydrogels for use in insulin delivery. International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus. 2010 Apr; 2(1): 32-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.12.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.12.014
Dong Q, Zang H, Zang L, Liu A, Shi Y, Zhang H. Rapid determination of hyaluronic acid concentration in fermentation broth with near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 2014 Nov; 7(06): 1450012. doi: 10.1142/S1793545814500126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545814500126
Yu H and Stephanopoulos G. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid. Metabolic Engineering. 2008 Jan; 10(1): 24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2007.09.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2007.09.001
Bitter T and Muir HM. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Analytical Biochemistry. 1962 Oct; 4(4): 330-4. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(62)90095-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(62)90095-7
Rithe SS, Kadam PG, Mhaske ST. Preparation and analysis of novel hydrogels prepared from the blend of guar gum and chitosan: Cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2014 Dec; 1(2): 1-5.
Ostróżka-Cieślik A, Wilczyński S, Dolińska B. Hydrogel Formulations for Topical Insulin Application: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Permeation across the Strat-M® Membrane. Polymers. 2023 Sep; 15(17): 3639. doi: 10.3390/polym15173639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173639
Krauland AH, Guggi D, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral insulin delivery: the potential of thiolated chitosan-insulin tablets on non-diabetic rats. Journal of Controlled Release. 2004 Mar; 95(3): 547-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.12.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.12.017
Korsmeyer RW, Gurny R, Doelker E, Buri P, Peppas NA. Mechanisms of solute release from porous hydrophilic polymers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 1983 May; 15(1): 25-35. doi: 10.1016/0378-5173(83)90064-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(83)90064-9
Agarwal V and Khan MA. Current status of the oral delivery of insulin. Pharmaceutical Technology. 2001 Oct; 10: 76-90.
Wood KM, Stone GM, Peppas NA. The effect of complexation hydrogels on insulin transport in intestinal epithelial cell models. Acta Biomaterialia. 2010 Jan; 6(1): 48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.032
Johnson CT, Wroe JA, Agarwal R, Martin KE, Guldberg RE, Donlan RM, et al. Hydrogel delivery of lysostaphin eliminates orthopedic implant infection by Staphylococcus aureus and supports fracture healing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018 May; 115(22): E4960-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1801013115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801013115
Smith K, Yamada Y, Schneider JP. Protein release from highly charged peptide hydrogel networks. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2016 Feb; 4(11): 1999-2007. doi: 10.1039/C5TB02137E. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB02137E
Brown A, He H, Trumper E, Valdez J, Hammond P, Griffith LG. Engineering PEG-based hydrogels to foster efficient endothelial network formation in free-swelling and confined microenvironments. Biomaterials. 2020 Jun; 243: 119921. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119921
Mathiowitz E, Jacob JS, Jong YS, Carino GP, Chickering DE, Chaturvedi P, et al. Biologically erodable microspheres as potential oral drug delivery systems. Nature. 1997 Mar; 386(6623): 410-4. doi: 10.1038/386410a0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/386410a0
Saffran M, Kumar GS, Savariar C, Burnham JC, Williams F, Neckers DC. A new approach to the oral administration of insulin and other peptide drugs. Science. 1986 Sep; 233(4768): 1081-4. doi: 10.1126/science.3526553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3526553
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments