Management of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) Through Physical Exercise

Management of PSD Through Physical Exercise

Authors

  • Dur E Najoom Bazgha College of Physical Therapy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Amna Khalid Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Maryam Zahid Foundation University College of Physical Therapy, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Saman Arshad College of Physical Therapy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Tamjeed Ghaffar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Aqsa Arif Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i05.768

Keywords:

Post Stroke Depression, Physical Exercise, Management, Depression

Abstract

About one-third of patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), a common psychological disorder that impacts many stroke survivors, eventually experience depression. This depression may impair recovery and rehabilitation, lower quality of life, and raise mortality. The association between depression and stroke is complex and the underlying causes are still unclear, but there is evidence to support the possibility that both psychosocial and anatomical factors may play a role. PSD management is difficult and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Although some people respond well to conventional treatments like psychotherapy and medication, they may not be appropriate or available to everyone. On the other hand, a promising non-pharmacological intervention for the management of PSD is physical exercise. Physical exercise has emerged as a viable additional or substitute intervention for PSD control. There is mounting evidence that suggests physical activity can elevate mood and lessen depressive symptoms in PSD patients. Studies have shown that exercise interventions, such as aerobic exercise, resistance training, yoga, etc. can help stroke survivors with PSD who struggle with depression and anxiety as well as their general quality of life. Additionally, exercise has been linked to improvement in brain functions. This review intends to look at the evidence of physical exercise's value in treating PSD, its underlying causes, and considerable beneficial effect of exercise on depression, physical functions, and cognitive functions in stroke patients

References

Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan; 131(4): e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152.

Chemerinski E and Robinson RG. The neuropsychiatry of stroke. Psychosomatics. 2000 Jan; 41(1): 5-14. doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(00)71168-6.

Paolucci S, Gandolfo C, Provinciali L, Torta R, Sommacal S, DESTRO Study Group), et al. Quantification of the risk of poststroke depression: the Italian multicenter observational study DESTRO. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2005 Oct; 112(4): 272-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00590.x.

American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting. Continuing Medical Education Syllabus and Scientific Proceedings in Summary Form: Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association; 1994.

Whyte EM and Mulsant BH. Post stroke depression: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and biological treatment. Biological Psychiatry. 2002 Aug; 52(3): 253-64. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01424-5.

Smith PS and Thompson M. Treadmill training post stroke: are there any secondary benefits? A pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2008 Oct; 22(10-11): 997-1002. doi: 10.1177/0269215508088988.

Luo L, Li C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Meng P, Wang Q. High-intensity interval training on neuroplasticity, balance between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor in poststroke depression rats. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2019 Mar; 28(3): 672-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.11.009.

Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou ZA, Makras P, Perakakis N, Kountouras J, et al. Irisin in Metabolic Diseases. Endocrine. 2018 Feb; 59: 260-74. doi: 10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1.

Eng JJ and Reime B. Exercise for depressive symptoms in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2014 Aug; 28(8): 731-9. doi: 10.1177/0269215514523631.

Kyu HH, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018 Nov; 392(10159): 1859-922.

Kirkland EB, Heincelman M, Bishu KG, Schumann SO, Schreiner A, Axon RN, et al. Trends in healthcare expenditures among US adults with hypertension: national estimates, 2003–2014. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018 May; 7(11): e008731. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008731.

Hackett ML and Pickles K. Part I: frequency of depression after stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Stroke. 2014 Dec; 9(8): 1017-25. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12357.

Bartoli F, Di Brita C, Crocamo C, Clerici M, Carrà G. Early post-stroke depression and mortality: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2018 Nov; 9: 530. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00530.

Starkstein SE, Robinson RG, Berthier ML, Parikh RM, Price TR. Differential mood changes following basal ganglia vs thalamic lesions. Archives of Neurology. 1988 Jul; 45(7): 725-30. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1988.00520310031013.

Woranush W, Moskopp ML, Sedghi A, Stuckart I, Noll T, Barlinn K, et al. Preventive approaches for post-stroke depression: where do we stand? A Systematic Review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2021 Nov; 17: 3359-77. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S337865.

Liegey J, Sagnier S, Debruxelles S, Poli M, Olindo S, Renou P, et al. Influence of inflammatory status in the acute phase of stroke on post-stroke depression. Revue Neurologique. 2021 Oct; 177(8): 941-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.11.005.

Xia B, Tong Y, Xia C, Chen C, Shan X. α-Cyperone confers antidepressant-like effects in mice via neuroplasticity enhancement by SIRT3/ROS mediated NLRP3 inflammasome deactivation. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2020 Oct; 11: 577062. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577062.

Kohman RA, Bhattacharya TK, Kilby C, Bucko P, Rhodes JS. Effects of minocycline on spatial learning, hippocampal neurogenesis and microglia in aged and adult mice. Behavioural Brain Research. 2013 Apr; 242: 17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.032.

Kirsch I, Deacon BJ, Huedo-Medina TB, Scoboria A, Moore TJ, Johnson BT. Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. PLoS Medicine. 2008 Feb; 5(2): e45. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045.

Xu H, Song J, Luo H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhu Y, et al. Analysis of the genome sequence of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Molecular Plant. 2016 Jun; 9(6): 949-52. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.03.010.

Jorge RE, Robinson RG, Arndt S, Starkstein S. Mortality and poststroke depression: a placebo-controlled trial of antidepressants. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003 Oct; 160(10): 1823-9. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1823.

Lenzi G, Altieri M, Maestrini I. Depression postaccident vasculaire cerebral. Revue Neurologique. 2008 Oct; 164(10): 837. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2008.07.010.

Nemchek V, Haan EM, Mavros R, Macuiba A, Kerr AL. Voluntary exercise ameliorates the good limb training effect in a mouse model of stroke. Experimental Brain Research. 2021 Feb; 239: 687-97. doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05994-6.

Sigwalt AR, Budde H, Helmich I, Glaser V, Ghisoni K, Lanza S, et al. Molecular aspects involved in swimming exercise training reducing anhedonia in a rat model of depression. Neuroscience. 2011 Sep; 192: 661-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.075.

Trangle M, Dieperink B, Gabert T, Haight B, Lindvall B, Mitchell J, et al. Major depression in adults in primary care. Bloomington, MN: Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. 2012 May; (15): 1-119.

Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2011; 1334-1359. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.

Okaty BW, Commons KG, Dymecki SM. Embracing diversity in the 5-HT neuronal system. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2019 Jul; 20(7): 397-424. doi: 10.1038/s41583-019-0151-3.

Tang XQ, Liao RY, Zheng LJ, Yang LL, Ma ZL, Yi C, Liu J, Liu JC, et al. Aerobic exercise reverses the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome/5-HT pathway by upregulating irisin to alleviate post-stroke depression. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2022 Dec; 10(24): 1350. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-5443.

Li W, Cao T, Luo C, Cai J, Zhou X, Xiao X, et al. Crosstalk between ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2020 Jul; 104: 6129-40. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10614-y.

Aidar FJ, Jaco de Oliveira R, Gama de Matos D, Chilibeck PD, de Souza RF, Carneiro AL. A randomized trial of the effects of an aquatic exercise program on depression, anxiety levels, and functional capacity of people who suffered an ischemic stroke. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2017 May; 58(7-8): 1171-7. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07284-X.

Pérez-de la Cruz S. Influence of an aquatic therapy program on perceived pain, stress, and quality of life in chronic stroke patients: a randomized trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Jul; 17(13): 4796. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134796.

Chan W, Immink MA, Hillier S. Yoga and exercise for symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with poststroke disability: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2012 May; 18(3): 34. doi:

Perna GP, Stanislao M, Modoni S, Valle G, Loperfido F. Plasma β-endorphin response to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. Chest. 1997 Jan; 111(1): 19-22. doi: 10.1378/chest.111.1.19.

Mossberg KA, Amonette WE, Masel BE. Endurance training and cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2010 May; 25(3): 173-83. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181dc98ff.

Stroud NM and Minahan CL. The impact of regular physical activity on fatigue, depression and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2009 Dec; 7: 1-10. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-7-68.

Downloads

Published

2023-05-31
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i05.768
Published: 2023-05-31

How to Cite

Bazgha, D. E. N. ., Khalid, A., Zahid, M. ., Arshad, S. ., Ghaffar, T. ., & Arif, A. . (2023). Management of Post Stroke Depression (PSD) Through Physical Exercise: Management of PSD Through Physical Exercise. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 4(05), 02–07. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i05.768

Issue

Section

Review Article

Plaudit