Prevalence of Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan

Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19

Authors

  • Kashif Kamran Khan Equip Research & Development Consultants, Multan, Pakistan
  • Amber Shahzadi Equip Research & Development Consultants, Multan, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.593

Keywords:

Symptoms, Recovered Cases, Pandemic, Fatigue, COVID-19

Abstract

COVID-19 has taken the world by surprise in terms of healthcare readiness and impact on daily life. Existing literature regarding the patient's health status following COVID-19 infection is scant. Objective: To analyze the current status of post-recovery symptoms among COVID-19 recovered patients in Pakistan. Methods: It is a descriptive web-based cross-sectional study. Data were gathered by using a Google form by sharing anonymous online questionnaire, comprised of both open and close ended questions. Then interpreted, and presented using tables and graphs using descriptive statistics through IBM SPSS 26.  Results: Shortness of breath (27%) followed by fatigue (23.5%) seen to be more common symptoms still prevailing in the population. 69.2% of the population had no evidence of comorbidity but are still experiencing post COVID symptoms. Few cases reported experiencing insomnia and tooth sensitivity - 11% and 12% respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that COVID-19 patients should be worried about their health even after they get better. A thorough analysis should be done to improve the health of people who have gotten better but are still dealing with long-term problems. Even though it's a new virus and research is still being done, it needs to be treated with care.

References

Group Discussion Ideas. Post-COVID World. 2021. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.groupdiscussionideas.com/post-covid-world/.

Sharan Burrow. Life Post-COVID 19. 2020. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.imf.org/Publications/fandd/issues/2020/06/how-will-the-world-be-different-after-covid-19.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers. 2019. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/post-covid-conditions.html#overview.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post COVID Conditions. 2021. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html.

Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports. 2021 Aug; 11(1): 16144. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3769978.

Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infectious Diseases. 2021 Oct; 53(10): 737-54. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1924397.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions. 2022. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html#:~:text=These%20effects%20can%20include%20muscle,experience%20of%20post%2DCOVID%20conditions.

Healthcare and Human Services. Long COVID can substantially limit one or more major life activities. 2021. [Last cited: 20th Mar 2023]. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-providers/civil-rights-covid19/guidance-long-covid-disability/index.html#footnote100ac8mdc

Adly HM, AlJahdali IA, Garout MA, Khafagy AA, Saati AA, Saleh SA. Correlation of COVID-19 pandemic with healthcare system response and prevention measures in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Sep; 17(18): 6666. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186666.

Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, Wei H, Low RJ, Re'em Y, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Aug; 38: 101019. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019.

Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, Graham MS, Penfold RS, Bowyer RC, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nature Medicine. 2021 Apr; 27(4): 626-31. doi: 10.1038/S41591-021-01292-Y.

Norton A, Olliaro P, Sigfrid L, Carson G, Paparella G, Hastie C, et al. Long COVID: tackling a multifaceted condition requires a multidisciplinary approach. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 May; 21(5): 601-2. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00043-8.

Chopra V, Flanders SA, O’Malley M, Malani AN, Prescott HC. Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2021 Apr; 174(4): 576-8. doi: 10.7326/M20-5661.

Michielsen HJ, De Vries J, Van Heck GL. Psychometric qualities of a brief self-rated fatigue measure: The Fatigue Assessment Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2003 Apr; 54(4): 345-52. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00392-6.

Buonsenso D, Munblit D, De Rose C, Sinatti D, Ricchiuto A, Carfi A, et al. Preliminary evidence on long COVID in children. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992). 2021 Jul; 110(7): 2208. doi: 10.1111/APA.15870.

Kayaaslan B, Eser F, Kalem AK, Kaya G, Kaplan B, Kacar D, et al. Post‐COVID syndrome: A single‐center questionnaire study on 1007 participants recovered from COVID‐19. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021 Dec; 93(12): 6566-74. doi: 10.1002/JMV.27198.

Menges D, Ballouz T, Anagnostopoulos A, Aschmann HE, Domenghino A, Fehr JS, et al. Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: A population-based cohort study. PloS One. 2021 Jul; 16(7): e0254523. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0254523.

Al-Tawfiq JA, Koritala T, Alhumaid S, Barry M, Alshukairi AN, Temsah MH, et al. Implication of the emergence of the delta (B. 1.617. 2) variants on vaccine effectiveness. Infection. 2022 Jun; 50(3): 583-96. doi: 10.1007/S15010-022-01759-1.

Perrin R, Riste L, Hann M, Walther A, Mukherjee A, Heald A. Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses. 2020 Nov; 144: 110055. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110055.

Cénat JM, Blais-Rochette C, Kokou-Kpolou CK, Noorishad PG, Mukunzi JN, McIntee SE, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research. 2021 Jan; 295: 113599. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113599.

Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. European Heart Journal. 2020 Mar; 41: 1798-1800. doi: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAA231.

Hosey MM and Needham DM. Survivorship after COVID-19 ICU stay. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020 Jul; 6(1): 60. doi: 10.1038/S41572-020-0201-1.

Inoue S, Hatakeyama J, Kondo Y, Hifumi T, Sakuramoto H, Kawasaki T, et al. Post‐intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions. Acute Medicine & Surgery. 2019 Jul; 6(3): 233-46. doi: 10.1002/ams2.415.

Downloads

Published

2023-03-31
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.593
Published: 2023-03-31

How to Cite

Kamran Khan, K., & Shahzadi, A. (2023). Prevalence of Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (Lahore), 4(03), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.593

Issue

Section

Original Article

Plaudit