Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Students During Viva Exam: Anxiety and Depression among Medical Students

Muhammad  Ashar Rafi; Namal  Shahzadi; Iqra  Imtiaz; Mahnoor  Fatima; Masooda  Batool; Seema Gul; Aamer  Naeem

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.559

Authors

Muhammad Ashar Rafi Kulsum International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
Namal Shahzadi Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Iqra Imtiaz Shifa Tameer-E- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mahnoor Fatima Shifa Tameer-E- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Masooda Batool Shifa Tameer-E- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Seema Gul Shifa Tameer-E- Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Aamer Naeem Kulsum International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i03.559

Keywords:

Health, Anxiety, Depression, Medical Students, Viva Examination

Abstract

Examinations are an integral part of medical school education and negative emotional states affect the memory, recalling and timely response of the students during the examination. Objective: To find out the frequency of anxiety and depression among medical students at the time of taking the viva examination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabad, Pakistan. For data collection, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires were used. A total of 207 participants were included via inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were medical students of age 18-25 years, both males and females having viva examination at the time of data collection. Those students who were already diagnosed with psychological issues were excluded from the study. For the analysis of data SPSS version 21.0 was used. Results: 207 students participated in this research. The majority of the students 115 (56.6%) have mild anxiety levels whereas 103 (49.8%) students were having normal ups and downs that were not considered as depression. 45 (21.7%) students have mild mood disturbance. Conclusions: This study concluded that medical students face a mild level of anxiety and mood disturbance during viva exams

References

Kulsoom B and Afsar NA. Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students in a multiethnic setting. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2015 Jul: 1713-22. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S83577

Azim SR and Baig M. Frequency and perceived causes of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students of a private medical institute in Karachi: a mixed method study. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2019 Jun; 69(6): 840-5. doi: 10.4135/9781529734348

Steiner-Hofbauer V and Holzinger A. How to cope with the challenges of medical education? Stress, depression, and coping in undergraduate medical students. Academic psychiatry. 2020 Aug; 44: 380-7. doi: 10.1007/s40596-020-01193-1

Ediz B, Ozcakir A, Bilgel N. Depression and anxiety among medical students: Examining scores of the beck depression and anxiety inventory and the depression anxiety and stress scale with student characteristics. Cogent Psychology. 2017 Dec; 4(1): 1283829. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2017.1283829

Milić J, Škrlec I, Milić Vranješ I, Podgornjak M, Heffer M. High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits. International Review of Psychiatry. 2019 Feb; 31(7-8): 653-60. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1594647

Zeng W, Chen R, Wang X, Zhang Q, Deng W. Prevalence of mental health problems among medical students in China: A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019 May; 98(18): e15337. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015337

Pokhrel NB, Khadayat R, Tulachan P. Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Dec; 20(1): 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02645-6

Tian-Ci Quek T, Wai-San Tam W, X. Tran B, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Su-Hui Ho C, et al. The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019 Aug; 16(15): 2735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152735

Kumar B, Shah MA, Kumari R, Kumar A, Kumar J, Tahir A. Depression, anxiety, and stress among final-year medical students. Cureus. 2019 Mar; 11(3): 4257. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4257

Azad N, Shahid A, Abbas N, Shaheen A, Munir N. Anxiety and depression in medical students of a private medical college. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2017 Jan; 29(1): 123-7.

Guraya SY, Guraya SS, Habib F, AlQuiliti KW, Khoshhal KI. Medical students' perception of test anxiety triggered by different assessment modalities. Medical Teacher. 2018 Jul; 40(sup1): S49-55. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1465178

Tariq S, Tariq S, Tariq S, Jawed S. Perceived stress, severity and sources of stress among female medical students in a private medical college in Pakistan. JPMA. 2020 Sep; 2019: 162-7. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.2153

Mao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhu B, He R, Wang X. A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China. BMC Medical Education. 2019 Dec; 19(1): 1-3. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1744-2

Wadi MM, Yusoff MS, Rahim AF, Lah NA. Assessment Modalities That Provoke Test Anxiety Among Medical Students. Education in Medicine Journal. 2022 Jun; 14(2): 49-60. doi: 10.21315/eimj2022.14.2.4

Fydrich T, Dowdall D, Chambless DL. Reliability and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Journal of anxiety disorders. 1992 Jan; 6(1): 55-61. doi: 10.1016/0887-6185(92)90026-4

Schotte CK, Maes M, Cluydts R, De Doncker D, Cosyns P. Construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory in a depressive population. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1997 Nov; 46(2): 115-25. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00094-3

Halfaker DA, Akeson ST, Hathcock DR, Mattson C, Wunderlich TL. Psychological Aspects of Pain. Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice. 2011; 13–22. 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3779-8.10003-x

Arlington VA and Association, AP Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 2013; 5: 612-3.

Susanti Y, Nabilah DD, Irasanti SN. Correlation between Anxiety Levels with Oral Case Presentation Test Results. InSocial and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Atlantis Press. 2019 Mar: 493-6. doi: 10.2991/sores-18.2019.113

Ofei-Dodoo S, Moser SE, Kellerman R, Wipperman J, Paolo A. Burnout and other types of emotional distress among medical students. Medical Science Educator. 2019 Dec; 29: 1061-9. doi: 10.1007/s40670-019-00810-5

Sharp J and Theiler S. A review of psychological distress among university students: Pervasiveness, implications and potential points of intervention. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling. 2018 Sep; 40: 193-212. doi: 10.1007/s10447-018-9321-7

Hamzah F, Mat KC, Bhagat V, Mahyiddin NS. Test anxiety and its impact on first year university students and the over view of mind and body intervention to enhance coping skills in facing exams. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018 Aug; 11(6): 2220-8. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00411.0

Hussain SA, Mahmood AM, Zukhair FA, Mahdi AS, Mahmood AM, Hamed NM. Exam-Related Anxiety Levels among Iraqi Medical Students in Baghdad City. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2789-3219). 2022 Feb; 2: 16-20. doi: 10.54133/ajms.v2i.56

Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama. 2016 Dec; 316(21): 2214-36. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17324

Dahlin ME and Runeson B. Burnout and psychiatric morbidity among medical students entering clinical training: a three year prospective questionnaire and interview-based study. BMC Medical Education. 2007 Dec; 7: 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-7-6