Causative Organisms and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection : Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern with Urinary Tract Infection

Mamoona Zaman; Shahan Ahmad; Nauman Idrees; Faryal Ahmad; Sana Naseer; Rabia Gul

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v6i5.3052

Authors

Mamoona Zaman Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Shahan Ahmad Department of Medicine, Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
Nauman Idrees Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Faryal Ahmad Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Sana Naseer Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Rabia Gul Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i5.3052

Keywords:

Urinary Tract Infection, Uropathogens, Bacterial Spectrum, Antibiotic Susceptibility

Abstract

Patterns of pathogens in urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic sensitivity have been scarcely studied in the recent past in local settings. Hence, the study has been planned to address the knowledge gap arising from the non-availability of recent data. Objectives: To evaluate the causative organisms and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in patients with urinary tract infections. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medicine Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, during the period 1^st July 2022 till 31^st December 2022. Male and female patients aged 20 to 80 years with culture-proven urinary tract infections were enrolled. Pathogens isolated were noted their sensitivity to antibiotics was assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The majority of study participants were aged more than 50 years (n=92, 51.4%). 109 patients (60.9%) were male, and 85 patients (47.5%) were diabetic. 89 patients (49.7%) were enrolled from the Outpatient Department. The most common pathogen was E coli, recorded in 48 patients (26.8%). Isolates in 154 (86.0%) out of 179 participants were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, followed by meropenem in 151 (84.3%). Conclusions: It was concluded that people of all ages can be affected by urinary tract infection. The most common bacterial cause of UTI is E coli. Nitrofurantoin and meropenem are the most effective antibiotics against uropathogens.

References

Mekonnen S, Tesfa T, Shume T, Tebeje F, Urgesa K, Weldegebreal F. Bacterial Profile, Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. PLOS ONE. 2023 Apr; 18(4): e0283637. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283637.

Zwane T, Shuping L, Perovic O. Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infections Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Four South African Tertiary-Level Facilities, 2015–2019. Antibiotics. 2021 Jun; 10(6): 669. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10060669.

Mitiku A, Aklilu A, Tsalla T, Woldemariam M, Manilal A, Biru M. Magnitude and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates Among Patients Suspected of Urinary Tract Infections in Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. PLOS One. 2022 Dec; 17(12): e0279887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279887

Kebede D, Shiferaw Y, Kebede E, Demsiss W. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Risk Factors of Uropathogens in Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection Cases at Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. BioMed Central Microbiology. 2025 Mar; 25(1): 126. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-03842-7.

Islam MA, Islam MR, Khan R, Amin MB, Rahman M, Hossain MI et al. Prevalence, Etiology and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE. 2022 Sep; 17(9): e0274423. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274423.

Alotaibi BS, Tantry BA, Farhana A, Alammar MA, Shah NN, Mohammed AH et al. Resistance Pattern in Mostly Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets Disorders). 2023 Mar; 23(2): 56-64. doi: 10.2174/1871526522666220928115043.

Hasan TH, Aljanaby IA, Al-Labban HM, Aljanaby AA. Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of E. Coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. In AIP Conference Proceedings. 2023 Dec; 2977(1). doi: 10.1063/5.0182049.

Gharavi MJ, Zarei J, Roshani-Asl P, Yazdanyar Z, Sharif M, Rashidi N. Comprehensive Study of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Prevalence in Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples. Scientific Reports. 2021 Jan; 11(1): 578. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79791-0.

Silva A, Costa E, Freitas A, Almeida A. Revisiting the Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Implicated in Community Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics. 2022 Jun; 11(6): 768. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060768.

Gul Z, Jan AZ, Liaqat F, Qureshi MS. Causative Organisms and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015 Jun; 13(2).

Anwar I, Rafiq S, Ahmad K, Mubeen MU, Mudassar A, Kamran M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of E. Coli in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022 Aug; 16(06): 967-. doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22166967.

Patel HB, Soni ST, Bhagyalaxmi A, Patel NM. Causative Agents of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns at A Referral Center in Western India: An Audit to Help Clinicians Prevent Antibiotic Misuse. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2019 Jan; 8(1): 154-9. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_203_18.

George CE, Norman G, Ramana GV, Mukherjee D, Rao T. Treatment of Uncomplicated Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections: Resistance Patterns and Misuse of Antibiotics. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015 Jul; 4(3): 416-21. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.161342.

Singhal A, Sharma R, Jain M, Vyas L. Hospital and Community Isolates of Uropathogens and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern from A Tertiary Care Hospital in North West India. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2014; 4(1): 51-6. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.126611.

Mehboob M, Hakim M, Ullah O, Lodhi SS, Anees M, Khalil I et al. Identification and Characterization of Urinary Tract Infections Bacteria and Its Antibiotic Sensitivity. Bio Scientific Review. 2021 Oct; 3(3): 43-62.

Bhargava K, Nath G, Bhargava A, Kumari R, Aseri GK, Jain N. Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in the Eastern Part of Northern India. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022 Aug; 13: 965053. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965053.

Al-Awkally NA, Ibrahim HK, Ali MD, Muthanna FM, Al-Awkally AM, Yousuf A. Study of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Health Sciences. 2022 Nov; 6(S3): 8896-913. doi: 10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8113.

Said A, El-Gamal MS, Abu-Elghait M, Salem SS. Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial Isolates. Letters in Applied Nano-Bio-Science. 2021; 10: 2820-30. doi: 10.33263/LIANBS104.28202830.

Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Gong Z, Li Y, Jin Y et al. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Jun; 24(13): 10537. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310537.

Girma A and Aemiro A. The Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Patients at Pawe General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Scientifica. 2022; 2022(1): 3085950. doi: 10.1155/2022/3085950.

Majumder MM, Mahadi AR, Ahmed T, Ahmed M, Uddin MN, Alam MZ. Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Microorganisms Causing Urinary Tract Infection: A 10-Year Comparative Analysis in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh. Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control. 2022 Dec; 11(1): 156. doi: 10.1186/s13756-022-01197-6.

Adugna B, Sharew B, Jemal M. Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Community- and Hospital‐Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. International Journal of Microbiology. 2021; 2021(1): 5553356. doi: 10.1155/2021/5553356.