Association Between Acute Ischemic Stroke and Raised Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
Association Between Acute Ischemic Stroke and Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i09.2031Keywords:
Acute Ischemic Stroke, Association, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, Cardiovascular ProblemsAbstract
The serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level predicts the development of cardiovascular illnesses. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels have been linked to atherosclerosis in several investigations, indicating that gamma-glutamyl transferase may be utilized as an early indicator of atherosclerosis. Objective: To determine the association between acute ischemic stroke and raised serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval, in this case-control study, 310 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were included from the Medical Emergency Department of, KEMU/ Affiliated hospital, Lahore from August 2022 to February 2023. Informed consent was obtained. After matching for age (40-80 years) and gender (both male and female), 155 controls enrolled preferably the accompanying healthy attendants of the patients and 155 cases i.e. ischemic stroke patients. Venous blood samples were obtained from cases at the time of presentation in the Emergency Department for serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Data was collected in structured proforma. Data scrutiny was done using SPSS version 26.0. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables and frequency for qualitative data. Data were stratified for effect modifiers, and p≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In the current study, the frequency of raised GGT was found more among cases as compared to controls i.e. 74% vs 20%, p<0.00001 and OR calculated was 11.5. Conclusions: It was concluded that a considerable percentage of patients had raised gamma-glutamyl transferase at the time of presentation with acute ischemic stroke. These results emphasize the need to keep an eye on GGT levels in ischemic stroke patients as a possible stroke marker.
References
Murphy SJ and Werring DJ. Stroke: causes and clinical features. Medicine. 2020 Sep; 48(9): 561-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.06.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.06.002
Saini V, Guada L, Yavagal DR. Global epidemiology of stroke and access to acute ischemic stroke interventions. Neurology. 2021 Nov; 97(20_Supplement_2): S6-16. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000012781
Alawneh KZ, Al Qawasmeh M, Raffee LA, Abuzayed B, Hani DA, Abdalla KM et al. A snapshot of Ischemic stroke risk factors, sub-types, and its epidemiology: Cohort study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2020 Nov; 59: 101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.016
Sarfo FS, Ovbiagele B, Akpa O, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R et al. Risk factor characterization of ischemic stroke subtypes among West Africans. Stroke. 2022 Jan; 53(1): 134-144. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032072. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032072
Imam YZ, Chandra P, Singh R, Hakeem I, Al Sirhan S, Kotob M, Akhtar N, Kamran S, Al Jerdi S, Muhammad A, Haroon KH. Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of posterior circulation ischemic stroke: insights from a large multiethnic stroke database. Frontiers in Neurology. 2024 Feb; 15: 1302298. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1302298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1302298
Brennan PN, Dillon JF, Tapper EB. Gamma‐Glutamyl Transferase (γ‐GT)–an old dog with new tricks?. Liver International. 2022 Jan; 42(1): 9-15. doi: 10.1111/liv.15099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15099
Jeon J, Kim DH, Kim W, Choi DW, Jung KJ, Jang SI. Dose-response relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Korean adults. Atherosclerosis. 2020 Jan; 292: 152-9. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.004
Li S, Wang A, Tian X, Zuo Y, Meng X, Zhang Y. Elevated gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels are associated with stroke recurrence after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Central Nervous System Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 2022 Oct; 28(10): 1637-47. doi: 10.1111/cns.13909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13909
Corti A, Belcastro E, Dominici S, Maellaro E, Pompella A. The dark side of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT): Pathogenic effects of an ‘antioxidant’enzyme. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2020 Nov; 160: 807-19. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.005
Neuman MG, Malnick S, Chertin L. Gamma glutamyl transferase–an underestimated marker for cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020 Apr; 23: 65-74. doi: 10.18433/jpps30923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps30923
Ruban A, Daya N, Schneider AL, Gottesman R, Selvin E, Coresh J et al. Liver enzymes and risk of stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Journal of Stroke. 2020 Sep; 22(3): 357. doi: 10.5853/jos.2020.00290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2020.00290
Rathor E, Arasada C, Kulkarni A, Shaikh MA. Study of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Levels in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cureus. 2024 Jul; 16(7): e65336. doi: 10.7759/cureus.65336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.65336
Kalirawna TR, Rohilla J, Bairwa SS, Gothwal SK, Tak P, Jain R. Increased concentration of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in ischemic stroke patients. Brain Circulation. 2021 Apr; 7(2): 71-6. doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_47_20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/bc.bc_47_20
Aslam F, Maqsood A, Rauf A, Nawaz K, Aslam A. Frequency of risk factors for stroke in young Pakistani population. Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2023 Dec; 18(04): 24-30. doi: 10.56310/pjns.v18i04.294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i04.294
Ismail QM, Prasad MK, Marandi S, Guria RT, Dungdung A. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level as a risk factor in acute stroke. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2023 Dec; 12(12): 3172-9. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_750_23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_750_23
Kim K, Jung H, Di Giovanna E, Jun TJ, Kim YH. Increased risk of ischemic stroke associated with elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase level in adult cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study. Scientific Reports. 2023 Oct; 13(1): 16837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43839-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43839-8
Lee SM, Ha E, Ryoo JH. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels predict the development of cerebral infarction in the Korean population. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2021 Aug; 17: 2749-56. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S326450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S326450
Gurbuzer N, Gozke E, Ayhan Basturk Z. Gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology. 2014 Aug; 2014(1): 170626. doi: 10.1155/2014/170626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/170626
Korantzopoulos P, Tzimas P, Kalantzi K, Kostapanos M, Vemmos K, Goudevenos J et al. Association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and acute ischemic nonembolic stroke in elderly subjects. Archives of Medical Research. 2009 Oct; 40(7): 582-9. doi: 10.106/j.arcmed.2009.07.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.07.012
Yang W, Kang DW, Lee SH. Effects of gamma-glutamyl transferase on stroke occurrence mediated by atrial fibrillation. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2020 Jan; 16(1): 60-5. doi: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.1.60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2020.16.1.60
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences (Lahore)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments
