The Role of Lipid Peroxidation Products in the Development of Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis- A Cross-Sectional Survey: Lipid Peroxidation in Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis

Nooria  Naeem; Chaman Nasrullah; Maria Shakeel; Zobiah Hafiz; Sara Mukhtar; Maimoona Nasreen

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i05.1445

Authors

Nooria Naeem Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Chaman Nasrullah Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Maria Shakeel Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Zobiah Hafiz Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Sara Mukhtar Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Maimoona Nasreen Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i05.1445

Keywords:

Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation, Oral Fibrosis, Oxidative Stress, Areca Nut

Abstract

Oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition. Factors that cause OSMF are areca nut, nutritional deficiency and genetics. These factors produce free radicals which generate oxidative stress by damaging DNA, lipids and proteins. Levels of 4 hydroxynonenal (4HNE), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG), C reactive protein (CRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were raised due to oxidative DNA damage and lipid damage. Objective: To determine the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products such as MDA, 4HNE, 8-OHdG, and CRP in patients with OSMF. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at The University of Lahore from January 2020 to August 2021. Fifty OMSF cases and fifty healthy controls were recruited by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Serum of participants was analyzed for lipid peroxidation byproducts by using ELISA kits. The results were analyzed by applying independent t-test in SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean MDA levels in OSMF patients were (3.22 ± 1.265nmol/ml) as compared to those of control group (1.26 ± 0.568nmol/ml). Serum CRP levels were significantly raised (1.23 ± 0.124mg/l) in patients of OSMF as compared to those of control group (1.04 ± 0.0324mg/l). The levels of 4-HNE, 8-OHdG were recorded as significantly increased in OSMF (1.5 ± 0.965pg/ml and 1.9 ± 0.265pg/ml) as compared to the those of control group (0.72 ± 0.065pg/ml and 0.09564 ± 0.00058pg/ml). Conclusions: It was concluded that the levels of MDA, 4HNE, 8-OHdG, and CRP were increased significantly in patients with OSMF compared to healthy controls.

References

Shih YH, Wang TH, Shieh TM, Tseng YH. Oral submucous fibrosis: a review on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019 Jun; 20(12): 2940. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122940

Rao NR, Villa A, More CB, Jayasinghe RD, Kerr AR, Johnson NW. Oral submucous fibrosis: a contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management. Journal of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. 2020 Jan; 49(1): 3. doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-0399-7

Peng Q, Li H, Chen J, Wang Y, Tang Z. Oral submucous fibrosis in Asian countries. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. 2020 Apr; 49(4): 294-304. doi: 10.1111/jop.12924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12924

Wollina U, Verma SB, Ali FM, Patil K. Oral submucous fibrosis: an update. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 2015 Apr; 193-204. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S80576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S80576

Rai V, Bose S, Saha S, Chakraborty C. Evaluation of oxidative stress and the microenvironment in oral submucous fibrosis. Heliyon. 2019 Apr; 5(4). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01502

Sharma M, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Radhakrishnan R. Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis–Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis. Journal of Oral Biosciences. 2024 Feb. doi: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005

Li L, Gu L, Yao Z, Wang Y, Tang Z, Wu X. Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability by upregulating tropomyosin-1 through the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2020 Jan; 58(1): 1253-60. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1851729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2020.1851729

Li W, Cheng B. Knockdown of LncRNA NEAT1 inhibits myofibroblast activity in oral submucous fibrosis through miR-760/TPM1 axis. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2022 Apr; 17(2): 707-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.003

Shirzaiy M, Salehian MA, Dalirsani Z. Salivary antioxidants levels in patients with oral lichen planus. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2022 Nov; 67(6): 651-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_295_22

Zhou Q, Ye F, Zhou Y. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers in Medicine. 2023 Jun; 17(6): 337-47. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2022-0846

Kulasekaran C, Devi M, Dhivya K, Vijayalakshmi D, Sathishkumar M, Madhanmohan A. Immunohistochemical detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine: A biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in oral submucous fibrosis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2020 Sep; 24(3): 536-41. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_42_20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_42_20

Nandakumar A, Nataraj P, James A, Krishnan R, Mahesh KM. Estimation of salivary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a potential biomarker in assessing progression towards malignancy: a case-control study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP. 2020 Aug; 21(8): 2325. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.8.2325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.8.2325

Rani P, Singh RN, Sharma S, Shahi AK, Chandra S, Singh B. Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Its Correlation of Clinical Grading to Various Habit Factors among Patients of Bihar: A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2023 Jul; 15(Suppl 1): S554-7. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_467_22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_467_22

Gupta S, Reddy MV, Harinath BC. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in aetiopathogenesis and management of oral submucous fibrosis. Indian journal of Clinical biochemistry. 2004 Jan; 19: 138-41. doi: 10.1007/BF02872409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872409

Saso L, Reza A, Ng E, Nguyen K, Lin S, Zhang P et al. A comprehensive analysis of the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and chemoprevention of oral submucous fibrosis. Antioxidants. 2022 Apr; 11(5): 868. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050868

Sumithrarachchi S, Athukorala I, Rumy F, Jayasinghe R. Prevalence of tobacco and areca-nut use among patients attending dental teaching hospital in the central province of Sri Lanka and its association with oral mucosal lesions; a cross sectional study. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2024 Jan; 14(1): 39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.11.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.11.006

Mobeen S, Ravindra SV, Sunitha JD, Prakash R, Satyanarayana D, Swayampakula H et al. A Novel Herbal Paste Formulation of Turmeric, Tulsi, and Honey for the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Cureus. 2023 Oct; 15(10). doi: 10.7759/cureus.46608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46608

Singh G, Preethi B, Chaitanya KK, Navyasree M, Kumar TG, Kaushik MS. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions among Tobacco Consumers: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2023 Jul; 15(Suppl 1): S562-5. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_104_23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_104_23

Yashveer JK and Pankaj D. Alteration of serum lipid in oral sub mucous fibrosis in central India. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2018 Sep; 70: 421-4. doi: 10.1007/s12070-018-1434-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-018-1434-0

Pant I, Rao SG, Kondaiah P. Role of areca nut induced JNK/ATF2/Jun axis in the activation of TGF-β pathway in precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Scientific reports. 2016 Oct; 6(1): 34314. doi: 10.1038/srep34314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34314