Forensic Age Estimation by Maxillary and Mandibular Canines Pulp-Tooth Ratio Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Adult Population of Peshawar, Pakistan: Forensic Age Estimation by Canine Pulp-Tooth Ratio

Mahwish Zeb; Omair Khan; Sadia Syed; Salma Shazia; Younas Khan; Rizwan Ul Haq; Asif Hanif

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i07.1817

Authors

Mahwish Zeb Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Omair Khan Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Sadia Syed Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shifa Medical College, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Salma Shazia Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Younas Khan Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Swat Medical College, Swat, Pakistan
Rizwan Ul Haq Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jinnah Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
Asif Hanif Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i07.1817

Keywords:

Forensic Odontology, Pulp/Tooth Ratio, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Canines

Abstract

Age estimation is a vital aspect of forensic sciences and numerous age estimation methods are suggested in dentistry, emphasizing the need for easy and quick technique appropriate for adults. Forensic age estimation can be performed using physical, biochemical, histological, and radiological methods. However, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) offers a promising approach in this regard. Objective: To estimate the age on the basis of maxillary and mandibular canines’ Pulp-Tooth Ratio (PTR) using CBCT in adults and developing age estimation standards for local population based on PTR. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Prime Teaching Hospital, Operative Dentistry and Oral Surgery department of Peshawar Dental College, and Khyber Teaching Hospital for Dentistry, Peshawar, from October 2019 to April 2020. CBCT images of maxillary and mandibular canines of 222 individuals were taken using consecutive sampling technique. PTR was estimated and correlation between age and PTR was determined using linear regression. Results: The mean documented age of patients was 36.31 ± 13.44 years. When linear regression was run on individual parameters, only upper left maxillary tooth area (mm²) was found significant with p < 0.01 and R = 0.132, with regression model as Age = 26.64 + 0.072 (x). The overall model was found as, Age (years) = 35.519 -0.165 (Upper right maxillary tooth area (mm²) + 0.298 (Upper right maxillary pulp area (mm²)) + 0.316 (Upper left maxillary tooth area (mm²)) + 0.090 (Upper left maxillary pulp area (mm²)) -0.102 (Lower left mandibular tooth area (mm²)) -0.211 (Lower left mandibular pulp area (mm²)) -0.087(lower right mandibular tooth area (mm²)) + 0.082 (lower right mandibular pulp area (mm²)). Conclusions: Age can be estimated by maxillary and mandibular canines’ PTR using CBCT. Using the obtained regression model, age estimation for the adult population can be performed using CBCT scans.

References

Elgazzar FM, Elboraey MO, El-Sarnagawy GN. The accuracy of age estimation from pulp chamber/crown volume ratio of canines obtained by cone beam computed tomography images: An Egyptian study. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2020 Dec; 10: 1-0. doi: 10.1186/s41935-020-00212-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-020-00212-4

Bardal R and Soltani M. Age estimation by pulp/tooth area and width ratios in panoramic images of upper and lower canines among the Iranian population. Brazilian Dental Science. 2021 Oct; 24(4). doi: 10.14295/bds.2021.v24i4.2466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2021.v24i4.2466

Andrade VM, Fontenele RC, de Souza AC, Almeida CA, Vieira AC, Groppo FC et al. Age and sex estimation based on pulp cavity volume using cone beam computed tomography: development and validation of formulas in a Brazilian sample. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2019 Oct; 48(7): 20190053. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20190053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190053

Uğur Aydın Z and Bayrak S. Relationship between pulp tooth area ratio and chronological age using cone‐beam computed tomography images. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019 Jul; 64(4): 1096-9. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13986

Molina A, Bravo M, Fonseca GM, Márquez-Grant N, Martín-de-Las-Heras S. Dental age estimation based on pulp chamber/crown volume ratio measured on CBCT images in a Spanish population. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2021 Jan; 135(1): 359-64. doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02377-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02377-y

Haghanifar S, Ghobadi F, Vahdani N, Bijani A. Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography: comparison of four teeth. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2019 Aug; 27: e20180722. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0722

Jušić M, Jakupović S, Šehić A, Julardžija F, Jogunčić A, Sofić A et al. Age Estimation Based On Pulp-Tooth Volume Ratio Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Images. Stomatological Review/Stomatološki Vjesnik. 2023 Jan; 12(1): 24-32.

Kumar M and Choudhary S. Age estimation using pulp tooth area ratio in North Indian population. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2019 Oct; 31(4): 359-62. doi: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_148_19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_148_19

Helmy MA, Osama M, Elhindawy MM, Mowafey B, Taalab YM, Abd ElRahman HA. Volume analysis of second molar pulp chamber using cone beam computed tomography for age estimation in Egyptian adults. The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology. 2020 Dec; 38(3): 25-34.

Jadhav S, Jhaveri A, Pawar AM, Bhardwaj A, Vinay V, di Blasio M et al. Estimation of Age implementing pulp tooth volume ratio in maxillary canines of an Indian population by means of CBCT scans. Technology and Health Care. 2023 Oct: 1-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-230555

Mittal S, Nagendrareddy SG, Sharma ML, Agnihotri P, Chaudhary S, Dhillon M. Age estimation based on Kvaal's technique using digital panoramic radiographs. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2016 May; 8(2): 155-9. doi: 10.4103/0975-1475.186378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1475.186378

Patel H, Parikh SJ, Shah JS. Application of Kvaal's Age Estimation Method in Maxillary Central Incisor: A CBCT Study. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences. 2021 Sep; 13(3): 142-51. doi: 10.18311/jfds/13/3/2021.634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jfds/13/3/2021.634

Izaguirre-López HN, Suarez-Ponce DG, Quezada-Márquez M, Nolberto-Sifuentes VA, Alvarado-Muñoz ER. Estimation of dental age using the kvaal method with digital panoramic radiographs in peruvian adults. Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences. 2023 Apr; 25(1): 142-53. doi: 10.15517/ijds.2022.52413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2022.52413

Alqarni A, Ajmal M, Hakami RM, Alassmi AA, Chalikkandy SN, Arem S. Relationship between Pulp-Tooth Area Ratio and Chronological Age among Saudi Arabian Adults: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2023 Jul; 13(13): 7945. doi: 10.3390/app13137945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137945

Alharbi Sr HS, Alharbi AM, Alenazi AO, Kolarkodi SH, Elmoazen R. Age estimation by Kvaal's method using digital panoramic radiographs in the Saudi population. Cureus. 2022 Apr; 14(4). doi: 10.7759/cureus.23768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23768

Lee SM, Oh S, Kim J, Kim YM, Choi YK, Kwak HH, Kim YI. Age estimation using the maxillary canine pulp/tooth ratio in Korean adults: A CBCT buccolingual and horizontal section image analysis. Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging. 2017 Jun; 9: 1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jofri.2016.12.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2016.12.001

Kvaal SI, Kolltveit KM, Thomsen IO, Solheim T. Age estimation of adults from dental radiographs. Forensic Science International. 1995 Jul; 74(3): 175-85. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(95)01760-G. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(95)01760-G

Kazmi S, Mânica S, Revie G, Shepherd S, Hector M. Age estimation using canine pulp volumes in adults: a CBCT image analysis. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 2019 Nov; 133: 1967-76. doi: 10.1007/s00414-019-02147-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02147-5

Salemi F, Farhadian M, Askari Sabzkouhi B, Saati S, Nafisi N. Age estimation by pulp to tooth area ratio in canine teeth using cone-beam computed tomography. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2020 Dec; 10: 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s41935-019-0176-9.

Yousefi F, Mohammadi Y, Ahmadvand M, Razaghi P. Dental age estimation using cone-beam computed tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Imaging Science in Dentistry. 2023 Jun; 53(2): 91. doi: 10.5624/isd.20221226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.20221226

Priyadharshini M, Reddy JR, Baliah J, Couppoussamy R, Durgadevi B. Dental Age Estimation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography and ITK-SNAP Segmentation Software in Canine Pulp Volumes-A Retrospective Study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2023 Jul; 35(3): 398-402. doi: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_320_22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_320_22

Bhogte SA, Jois HS, Anusha AV, Pattnaik A, Rana M. Estimation of Age by Calculating Pulp-to-Tooth Area Ratio using CBCT in Maxillary Central Incisors: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Preliminary Analysis on the Hyderabad Population. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 2023 Apr; 35(2): 246-9. doi: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_59_23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_59_23

Abdinian M, Katiraei M, Zahedi H, Rengo C, Soltani P, Spagnuolo G. Age estimation based on pulp-tooth volume ratio of anterior teeth in cone-beam computed tomographic images in a selected population: a cross-sectional study. Applied Sciences. 2021 Oct; 11(21): 9984. doi: 10.3390/app11219984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219984

Kurniawan A, Wibowo MR, Rizky BN, Prakoeswa BF, Saelung M, Alias A. Adults' dental age estimation by mandibular canines' pulp/tooth ratio in Surabaya, Indonesia. Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology. 2022 Jun; 16(1).

Afify MM, Salem W, Mahmoud NF. Age estimation from pulp/tooth area ratio of canines using cone-beam computed tomography image analysis: study of an Egyptian sample. Journal of Forensic Research. 2019 Mar; 10(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s41935-019-0176-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0176-9

Gulsahi A, Kulah CK, Bakirarar B, Gulen O, Kamburoglu K. Age estimation based on pulp/tooth volume ratio measured on cone-beam CT images. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2018 Jan; 47(1): 20170239. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20170239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20170239