The Impact of Malocclusion Severity on Self-Confidence and Facial Appearance among Orthodontic Patients: Malocclusion Severity and Self-Confidence

Alima Mohsin Zakai; Muhammad Siddique Khatri; Esha Qurban; Abdul Jabbar; Sana Shah; Anny Memon

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.2027

Authors

Alima Mohsin Zakai Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-7487
Muhammad Siddique Khatri Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Esha Qurban Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Abdul Jabbar Department of Orthodontics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Sana Shah Department of Dental Surgeon, Government of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Anny Memon Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.2027

Keywords:

Malocclusion, Self-Confidence, Facial Appearance, Orthodontic Treatment, Rosenberg Self Esteem Questionnaire, Dental Aesthetic Index

Abstract

Malocclusion was a group of dental deviations that have a particular psychological influence on the society. Objective: To assess the correlations between malocclusion severity and its effects on self-confidence and facial appearance in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Methods: The hospital-based study was performed at Orthodontic Department, Institute of Dentistry of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Participants aged 7 to 30 years who were diagnosed with varying degrees of malocclusion, were included in the study while those with congenital or traumatic facial deformities unrelated to malocclusion were excluded from the study. Data were collected via questionnaires (Rosenberg Self Esteem and Dental Aesthetic Index) and clinical assessments. Correlation analysis was used as data analysis. Results: The research comprised of 383 individuals, with 110 (28.7%) were males, and 273(71.3%) females. 361 (94.3%) participants having aesthetics problem, 19 (5.0%) reported with Functional issues, and 3(0.8%) had found with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) complications. There were moderate to strong negative correlations between malocclusion severity and self-confidence (r=-0.45, p < 0.05) and between the impact on facial appearance and self-confidence (r=-0.52, p < 0.05) A positive correlation was observed between malocclusion severity and facial appearance impact (r=0.65, p < 0.05) (Table 5). Conclusions: The study found that malocclusion significantly impacts self-confidence and facial appearance, with 71% of participants reporting negative effects on appearance and 47.3% experiencing reduced self-confidence.

References

Zhang MJ, Sang YH, Tang ZH. Psychological impact and perceptions of orthodontic treatment of adult patients with different motivations. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2023 Sep; 164(3): e64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.021

Mihailescu A, Labunet A, Muntean A, Kui A, Campian RS. Psycho-social impact of orthodontic treatment in Romanian teenagers and young adults. Clujul Medical. 2018 Jul; 91(3): 336. doi: 10.15386/cjmed-915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-915

Shahiqi DI, Dogan S, Krasniqi D, Ilijazi D, Milosevic SA. Psycho-social impact of malocclusion in adolescents in Kosovo. Community Dent. Health. 2021 May; 38: 71-5. doi: 10.1922/CDH_00106Milosevic05.

Taibah SM and Al-Hummayani FM. Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Orthodontic Science. 2017 Oct; 6(4): 123-8. doi: 10.4103/jos.JOS_16_17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.JOS_16_17

Pawar O, Joneja P, Choudhary DS. Psychological factors influencing motivation, cooperation, participation, satisfaction, self-appraisal, and individual quality of life in adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal. 2021 Aug; 11(1): 34-9. doi: 10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39078

Naran S, Steinbacher DM, Taylor JA. Current concepts in orthognathic surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2018 Jun; 141(6): 925e-36e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000004438

Zamboni R, de Moura FR, Brew MC, Rivaldo EG, Braz MA, Grossmann E, Bavaresco CS. Impacts of Orthognathic Surgery on Patient Satisfaction, Overall Quality of Life, and Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Dentistry. 2019 Jun; 2019(1): 2864216. doi: 10.1155/2019/2864216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2864216

Al-Hummayani FM and Taibah SM. Orthodontic treatment needs in Saudi young adults and manpower requirements. Saudi Medical Journal. 2018 Aug; 39(8): 822. doi: 10.15537/smj.2018.8.22337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2018.8.22337

Hakeem FF, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. Association between oral health and frailty: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Gerodontology. 2019 Sep; 36(3): 205-15. doi: 10.1111/ger.12406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12406

Knorst JK, Sfreddo CS, de F. Meira G, Zanatta FB, Vettore MV et al. Socioeconomic status and oral health‐related quality of life: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2021 Apr; 49(2): 95-102. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12616

Yassir YA, McIntyre GT, Bearn DR. The impact of labial fixed appliance orthodontic treatment on patient expectation, experience, and satisfaction: an overview of systematic reviews. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2020 Jun; 42(3): 223-30. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjz043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjz043

Tristão SK, Magno MB, Pintor AV, Christovam IF, Ferreira DM, Maia LC et al. Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review. Progress in Orthodontics. 2020 Dec; 21: 1-3. doi: 10.1186/s40510-020-00323-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-020-00323-7

Pithon MM, Magno MB, da Silva Coqueiro R, de Paiva SM, Marques LS, Paranhus LR et al. Oral health-related quality of life of children before, during, and after anterior open bite correction: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2019 Sep; 156(3): 303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.022

Javidi H, Vettore M, Benson PE. Does orthodontic treatment before the age of 18 years improve oral health-related quality of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2017 Apr; 151(4): 644-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.011

Zeigler-Hill V and Terry C. Perfectionism and explicit self-esteem: The moderating role of implicit self-esteem. Self and Identity. 2007 Apr; 6(2-3): 137-53. doi: 10.1080/15298860601118850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860601118850

Cons, N. C. The Dental Aesthetic Index. British Journal of Orthodontics. 1997; 24(4): 299-306. doi: 10.1179/bjo.24.4.299.

Goulart MD, Condessa AM, Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, Celeste RK. Preocupações sobre a estética dentária com qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em adultos no sul do Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2018 Nov; 23: 3957-64. doi: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.24172016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182311.24172016

Shah A. Factors Contributing To Orthodontic Treatment Uptake. Guident. 2018 May; 11(6): 40.

Ellakany P, Fouda SM, Alghamdi M, Bakhurji E. Factors affecting dental self-confidence and satisfaction with dental appearance among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study. BioMed Central Oral Health. 2021 Dec; 21: 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01509-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01509-z

Yazıcı SD, Fındık Y, Yazıcı T. Evaluation of social appearance concerns and satisfaction after orthognathic surgery. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2024 May: 101934. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101934. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101934

Saccomanno S, Saran S, Laganà D, Mastrapasqua RF, Grippaudo C. Motivation, perception, and behavior of the adult orthodontic patient: a survey analysis. BioMed Research International. 2022 Mar; 2022(1): 2754051. doi: 10.1155/2022/2754051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2754051

Jawale B, Rodrigues L, Garde JB, Belludi A, Patil A, Palande P. Interdisiplinary collaboration of orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery for the correction of severe class III skeletal pattern in an adult male with an hapsburg jaw-A case report on surgical orthodontics. IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research. 2020 Sep; 6(3): 149-56. doi: 10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.030

Shaadouh RI, Hajeer MY, Burhan AS, Ajaj MA, Jaber ST, Zakaria AS et al. Evaluation of the Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Patients' Self-Esteem: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023 Oct; 15(10). doi: 10.7759/cureus.48064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48064

Amuasi AA, Acheampong AO, Anarfi E, Sagoe ES, Poku RD, Abu-Sakyi J. Effect of malocclusion on quality of life among persons aged 7-25 years: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. 2020 Aug; 8(8): 26-35. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2020.88003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2020.88003

Sicari F, Merlo EM, Gentile G, Nucera R, Portelli M, Settineri S et al. Body image and psychological impact of dental appearance in adolescents with malocclusion: a preliminary exploratory study. Children. 2023 Oct 16; 10(10): 1691. doi: 10.3390/children10101691.